722 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



ulceration and deep fistulas in the skin, removed 176 larvae with the 

 pincette. In Roorda-Smif s 1 case there were two ulcers in the neck 

 of a girl, aged 17, and larvae appeared at their base. After dusting 

 with calomel and the application of a bandage the next day fifty-two 

 dead or half-dead larvae came to light. Recovery took place. 

 Lesbini, 2 in the case of an old lady, saw numerous larvae in an ulcer 

 of the leg she was suffering from. Hector's 3 case appears to have 

 been one of myiasis cutanea provoked by Lucilia. 



The first exact observations of myiasis cutanea from Sarcophaga 

 magnified are due to Wohlfahrt, 4 in whose honour Portschinsky 5 

 named this species of fly S. wohlfahrti. Portschinsky ascertained that 

 5. wohlfahrti was not confined to man as its sole host, but that several 

 of our domestic animals, such as cattle, horses, pigs, dogs and geese, 

 were visited. In these animals small wounds serve to entice the flies 

 and to supply them with a suitable site for the deposition of their 

 eggs. The oral armature of the young larvae renders it easy for them 

 to penetrate not only the mucosa and cutaneous surface but also 

 intact places in the submucous connective tissue. In many localities 

 more than half the herds have proved to be infected by the flies. 

 The fly only frequents open spaces and never enters human dwellings, 

 and is so timid that it approaches man only during sleep ; infection, 

 therefore, takes place only out of doors, in summer, in clear, warm 

 weather, and only in such individuals as sleep in the open air. 

 Individuals are most exposed to risk who suffer from catarrhs or 

 inflammations, combined with purulent secretions of the nasal cavity 

 (ozaena), or otorrhcea, or ulcers in any parts of the body accessible to 

 the female fly. 



The frequency and intensity of the infection will be in inverse 

 proportion to the advance in civilization of the inhabitants, their idea 

 of cleanliness, their having timely medical aid and the chances of their 

 being rapidly attended to. On that account the majority of cases of 

 myiasis (Sarcophaga) are reported from Russia. The literature of this 

 kind of myiasis nasalis is not very extensive ; in addition to Wohlfahrt, 

 Portschinsky and Joseph, 6 there is a communication by Gerstacker, 7 

 who found fifteen adult larvae of 5. wohlfahrti in the nasal cavity of 

 one man. The larvae transmitted from Ordruf by Dr. Thomas to 

 Low, 8 in Vienna, which were discharged from the nose of a woman, 



Roorda-Smit, Deutsck. med. Wochenschr., 1906. 



Lesbini, loc. cit. 



Hector, Lancet, 1902. 



Wohlfahrt, " De vermibus per nares excretis," Norimbergae, 1770. 



Portschinsky, "Norae Soc. entomolog. Rossicae," 1875. 



Joseph, Deutsch. mcd. Zeitg., 1885. 



Gerstacker, " Sitzungsberichte d. Ges. f. naturf. Freunde in Berlin," 1875. 



Low, Wien. med. Wochensehr., 1883, xxxi. 



