724 THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



Lelean 1 found Anchmeromyia depressa to be the cause of myiasis 

 extern a. 2 



The occurrence of Oestrid larvae in a human being is very rare, 

 at least up till now myiasis oestrosa has been very seldom observed 

 in man in Europe. Whilst the hosts of the Muscidce comprise a 

 considerable number of warm-blooded animals, on which the larvae 

 develop, each species of the Oestridce appears, on the other hand, to 

 have a definite host or some definite hosts of the class Mammalia. 

 No species of Oestrid is peculiar to man. Although in America, as 

 well as in Europe, Oestrus hominis was spoken of up to the middle of 

 the last century, no such species exists. 



But in both hemispheres, in America much more often than in 

 Europe, Oestrid larvae have been found in man. In Florida, Mexico, 

 New Granada, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica and other districts, 

 and especially where large herds of cattle are kept, myiasis oestrosa 

 has been observed in shepherds, huntsmen and amongst the rural 

 population. The larvae of Hypoderma bovis, according to the obser- 

 vations of Goudot, 3 occur as a parasite in man. Poilroux 4 found larvae 

 of cavicolous Oestridce in the nose of a man, aged 55. Amongst 

 the species of warble flies, whose larvae are parasites in domestic 

 animals and game in Europe, reliable observers have found larvae of 

 two kinds, Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma diana, also in man. 5 



The larvae of H. bovis have very seldom been observed in the nose. 

 The . case quoted by Kirschmann, 6 which was that of a peasant 

 woman, aged 50, who was suffering from ozaena, and in which 

 violent attacks of sneezing, epistaxis, pain in the forehead, and swelling 

 of the face were observed, is, according to Low 7 and Joseph, 8 not 

 an Oestrid ; Muscid larvae were evidently the cause. By the injection 

 of diluted iron chloride solution seventy-nine larvae were removed 

 from the nose. In the case reported by Kazoux 9 the species 

 of larva is not definitely known at least, v. Frantzius 10 did not 

 consider them Oestrid larvae. Joseph does not definitely say that 

 Oestrid larvae were the cause of a case which he quotes. He was sent 

 a number of uninjured larvae of Oestrus ovis ready to pupate, which 



1 Lelean, Brit. Med. Journ., 1904. 



2 [Numerous instances of attacks by Auchmeromyia are known and referred to under that 

 genus, pp. 593-4. The species referred to here is not depressa, Walker. F. V. T.] 



3 Goudotj Annal. d. Sci. not., 1845. 



4 Poilroux, Journ de M&d., Chir., etc., 1809. 



5 \Hypoderma linearis is frequently confused with H. bovis. F. V. T.] 



6 Kirschmann, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1881. 



7 Low, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1882. 8 Joseph, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 

 9 Razoux, Journ. de Med, Chir., etc., 1758. 



10 v. Frantzius, Virchow's Archiv, 1868, xliii. 



