734 



THE ANIMAL PARASITES OF MAN 



analysing the early literature, state (June, 1915) that Endamceba 

 gingivalis, Gros, 1849, is the correct name for the following organisms : 

 E. bnccalis, Prowazek, 1904 (see p. 43) ; Amoeba gingivalis, Gros, 1849; 

 Amoeba bnccalis, Steinberg, 1862, and Amoeba denlalis, Grassi, 1879. 

 They conclude that E. gingivalis is the causal agent of pyorrhoea 

 alveolaris, and that this disease responds to treatment with emetine. 



Entamceba kartulisi (see p. 44), synonym E. maxillaris, Kartulis, 

 is considered to be E. gingivalis. 



Smith and Barrett adopt the generic name Endamceba, Leidy, 

 1879 (sec footnote on p. 31, also p. 34). Leidy worked on Endamocba 

 blattce. 



Craigia and Craigiasis (see p. 45). Barlow 1 (May, 1915) found 

 Craigia (Paramosba) hominis in cases of chronic diarrhoea and mild 

 dysentery in Honduras. He also described a new species of Craigia 

 under the name of C. migrans. Fifty-six cases were studied, five of 

 which were due to Craigia hominis, the remainder to C. migrant. 

 In C. migrans, each flagellate, on attaining full development, becomes 

 an amoeba without dividing. Each amoeba encysts and produces 

 a number of flagellates which are somewhat like cercomonads. On 

 the other hand, in C. hominis the flagellate form produces, by longi- 

 tudinal fission, several generations of flagellates before entering upon 

 the amoebic stage. The cysts of C. migrans contain fewer " swarmers " 

 (flagellulae) than those of C. hominis, but the " swarmers" are some- 

 what larger, namely, 5 //- instead of 3 p, in diameter. Further, there is 

 no accessory nuclear body in C. migrans, but its flagellum stains 

 more deeply than that of C. hominis and has a peculiar banded 

 appearance. 



Human Trichomoniasis (see pp. 52-56). Lynch 2 (April and 

 May, 1915), working in Charleston, seems to favour the view that 

 the trichomonads found in the vagina, urethra, mouth, lungs and 

 alimentary tract are one and the same organism, and that these 

 flagellates may further excite already existing inflammatory condi- 

 tions. He gives detailed histories of cases of (a) infection of the 

 vagina and gums, and (b) intestinal infection manifested as intermit- 

 tent attacks of diarrhoea. The flagellates were found in catarrhal 

 vaginal discharge, in blood-stained scrapings from the gums (together 

 with Endamceba bnccalis), and in stools after a purge of magnesium 

 sulphate. The parasites were tetratrichomonads (see footnote, p. 53), 

 that is, each possessed four flagella anteriorly as well as an undulating 

 membrane. Lynch successfully infected rabbits from the cases and 

 from cultures of the parasite. Encysted trichomonads were seen in a 



1 Amer. Journ. Trap. Dis. and Prevent. Med.> ii, p. 680. 



Ibid., p. 627 ; New York Med. Journ. SMay I, 1915, ci, p. 



