APPENDIX ON PROTOZOOLOGY 745 



This medium was devised for the cultivation of Leishmania (see 

 p. 106), but trypanosomes may also be grown thereon. Subsequently, 

 Nicolle recommended the use of citrated rat's blood heated to 45 C. 

 for half an hour, instead of defibrinated rabbit's blood. On such a 

 medium, J. G. Thomson and Sinton 1 (1912) succeeded in growing 

 Trypanosoma gambiense and T. rhodesiense (see pp. 76, 83). 



Noguchi's media for the cultivation of Spirochaetes and Trepo- 

 nemata are described on pp. 123, 125. Hata's modification is 

 discussed on p. 126. 



Bass's glucose-blood medium for the cultivation of malarial 

 parasites is described on pp. 170-172. It has also been used 

 successfully for the cultivation of Piroplasma or Babesia (see p. 172). 



III. BRIEF NOTES ON GENERAL PROTOZOOLOGICAL 



TECHNIQUE. 



The object of this book is to give accounts of the structure and 

 life-histories of the numerous parasitic organisms that affect man 

 more particularly. It is, therefore, inappropriate to devote much 

 space to a consideration of technique, regarding which many volumes 

 have already been written. Methods of procedure are largely matters 

 of opinion, and the technique that gives brilliant results when used 

 by one investigator may be a complete failure in the hands of 

 another. In the present appendix, brief notes regarding certain 

 relatively simple methods only can be given, because the number of 

 fixatives in use is very great ; there are also large numbers of stains 

 as well as many modifications of them, while the methods of apply- 

 ing both fixatives and stains are, perhaps, still more numerous. 

 There are so many, in fact, that confusion frequently arises from 

 the multiplicity of choice presented to the worker. Those desiring 

 more information on the subject of technique are advised to consult 

 the treatises of Bolles Lee 2 and of Langeron. 3 



Fresh Material. 



(a) Simple Examination. 



Fluid Substances, such as Blood and Sputum. A small quantity of 

 the substance to be examined is taken on a sterile platinum loop and 

 transferred to a perfectly clean glass slide. A clean cover-slip is gently 

 lowered on to the drop, air bubbles being avoided. The preparation 



1 Annals Trap. Med. and Parasitol., vi, p. 331. 



2 " The Microtomist's Vade Mecum " (7th edition, 1913). London : J. and A. Churchill. 



3 " Precis de Microscopic" (1913). Paris : Masson et Cie. 



