234 



gree of closeness ; which no person, 

 however dexterous, can do with either a 

 hatchet, or a bill. If we cut too close, 

 the wound is much larger than necessary ; 

 if too distant, we leave a stump; the ef- 

 fects of which have been described ; — and 

 therefore, the cut is alwa3^s made with 

 some regard to both circumstances. AI- 

 most every branch has a little swell at it* 

 base; at the end of which the cut is in- 

 variably made, on small ones; on larger, 

 where the swell is greater, we take part of 

 it ; see D. on pi. IV. marked in the man- 

 ner such should be taken off; C. on the 

 same plate, has less of swell, and, there- 

 fore, it is marked to be taken off closer. 



For large work, the common carpenter's 

 saw is the best; for smaller, one with 

 somewhat finer teeth, the plate being 

 about twenty inches long, is preferable. 

 — It is almost unnecessary to observe this 

 should be Steel ; to prevent the loss of 

 time in sharpening. 



