BREEDS AND TYPES 49 



grazing is available, the Berkshire holds his own as a 

 feeder and pork maker. 



In color, the Berkshires have progressed from the old 

 unimproved half-black and half-white, spotted, or reddish 

 brown, to black, with some white on the face, jowl and 

 tail, and usually with white feet. Their ears are rather 

 erect, though in the aged animals they incline to droop- 

 ing, and are medium to small in size. 



A standard of excellence, description and scale of 

 points for judging swine were first formulated in 1875, 

 at Springfield. III., by the American Berkshire Associa- 

 tion, for the Berkshire breed, and they are as follows: 



Points 



Color: Black, but skin and hair occasionally showing tinge ot bronze or 



copper color, with white on feet, face tip of tail and occasional splash on arm. . 4 



Face and Snout: The latter short broad, and meaty, the former fine, well 



dished and broad between the eyes 9 . 



Eyes: Very clear, rather large, dark hazel or gray 2. 



Ears: Sonretimes almost erect but generally inclined forward, medium 



size 4 . 



Jowl: Full and heavy, running well back on neck 4. 



'Neck: Short and broad on top 4. 



Hair: Fine and soft; inclined to thickness in male 3. 



Skin: Smooth and pliable 4. 



Shoulder: Smooth and even on top and in line with side, thick through 



chest 7 . 



Back: Broad, long, and straight, or slightly arched, ribs well sprung 10. 



Side: Deep and well let down; straight side and bottom line 6. 



Flank: Well back and low down on leg, making nearly a straight line with 



lower part of side S . 



Loin : Full and wide 8 . 



Hams: Deep and thick, extending well up on back and holding thickness 



well down to hock 10. 



Tail: Well up on line with back, not too fine, short or tapering 2. 



Legs and Feet: Short, straight, and strong, set wide apart, with hoofs 



nearlv erect and capable of holding good weight. 8. 



5i:c and Symmetry : Size all that is possible without loss of quality or 



symmetry, with good length 7. 



Style: Attractive, spirited; indicative of thorough breeding and constitu- 

 tional vigor 3 . 



Total 100. 



SECONDARY BREEDS 



Other breeds, while they have strong adherents 

 and ma}- in the future rank much higher than at the time 



