4l6 SWINE IN AMERICA 



oecause of the soil washing in and filling up the pond. 

 Such trouble may be obviated to a large degree by so con- 

 structing the pond that the spillway will be at the back 

 end of the pond where the water enters it. This can be 

 done by extending wings out on either or both ends of 

 the dam. A pond so constructed does not allow the cur- 

 rent of water carrying the wash to flow into the pond and 

 deposit the soil there. Instead, the current flows around 

 the pond and carries the sediment with it or deposits it 

 at the mouth of the pond, where it does no harm. 



"Generally the pond should l)e fenced as soon as com- 

 pleted and all stock kept out. The pond fence should be 

 such that it will turn all kinds of stock, including little 

 pigs, if the pond is near the barns. It is advisable to 

 leave quite a margin between the pond and the fence, 

 which can be set to trees. In such a location, the trees 

 will make a fine growth. 



"In locating a pond, many think it must be in a ravine 

 where a torrent of water runs when it rains. Really, a 

 better place is where there is a gentle swale in the field. 

 It may require handling a little more earth in building in 

 tlie latter place, but it will not be as apt to fill up and can 

 be better controlled. By taking the earth out of the bot- 

 tom to build the banks, a deep pond can be made, which 

 fs desirable. The tank should be supplied with a float 

 valve so that the tank is kept full at all times. For such 

 a place an eight or ten-barrel tank is large enough." 



A CHEAP HOG WATERER 



James A. Pulley, an Iowa hog raiser, uses a home- 

 made device for watering, which he describes as follows : 



