Apr. 1, 1912 



187 



THE VALUE OF HONEY BECOMING BETTER 

 KNOWN. 



There have been so many sensational 

 stories published in the press regarding 

 bees and honey that have been misleading 

 and untruthful that it is quite refreshing 

 to f^nd occasionally an item that is true as 

 well as interesting. The following, from 

 The C/u'i.sfian Herald, indicates that the 

 original writer knew what he was talking 

 about, in this instance at least: 



HONKY BREAD. 



In Europe, where the food value of honey seems 

 to be much better understood than in the United 

 .States, enormous ciuautities are used. t)f late years 

 we seem to be waking to a realization of the value 

 of honey as a wholesome and delicious article of 

 food, and also as to Its preservative (|ualities. 

 Cakes and sweetbreads made with sugar soon be- 

 come dry and crumbly, and to eet the good of them 

 must be eaten when fresh: but when made up with 

 honey they seem to retain their freshness indefi- 

 nitely. In France honey bread a year or eighteen 

 months old Is preferred to that just made. They 

 say, "Mt has ripened." It is the preservative, or. 

 rather, the unchanging quality of honey that 

 makes it so popular with the best confectioners. 



As pointed out in the introduction to our 

 new booklet, " The Use of Honey in Cook- 

 ing," cakes ami cookies made with honey 

 retain their moisture and freshness almost 

 indefinitely — a fact which is not appreciat- 

 ed by the general public. It is a question, 

 however, whether the average housewife, on 

 reading this clipping, would put very much 

 faith in it, since she has been fooled so oft- 

 en. At the same time, we are glad to see 

 items appearing in which honey is given 

 its just dues. Let the good work go on. 



WHAT make of automobile TO BUY. 



The various articles in this special num- 

 ber show conclusively, we think, that auto- 

 mobiles are cheaper than horses when the 

 saving of time is taken into consideration. 

 In fact, each user of a machine is so enthu- 

 siastic and so sure that his own is the best 

 make to buy that a prosi)ective customer is 

 likely to be confused and unable to decide 

 which way to turn. For the benefit of such 

 we may say that there is no longer any 

 great risk in buying a machine made by'a 

 well-established firm that has been in the 

 business long enough to know what is re- 

 quired of a motor vehicle in the hands of an 

 experienced driver and runningon all kinds 

 of roads. There is quite an advantage, 

 however, in purchasing from a local ilealer 

 if possible, for he will not only see that his 

 customer is taught to run the car but will 

 take an interest, in most cases at least, in 

 seeing that it is satisfactory in every re- 

 spect. Man}' dealers handle more than one 

 car, and usually the various makes they 

 sell are quite dilTerent. It may be well, 

 therefore, to consider briefly some of the 

 different types; for after all a great deal de- 

 pends on personal preference. A car that 

 would exactly suit one person might not be 

 satisfactory to the next one, even though 

 the work required were the same. 



AIR-COOLED versus WATER-COOLED CYLIN- 

 DERS. 



Some gasoline-engines are air-cooled and 

 others are water-cooled, and we are asked 

 repeatedly which method of cooling is the 

 better. For small cylinders, air-cooling is 

 quite satisfactory. There is no radiator to 

 leak, and no pump to get out of order. On 

 the other hand, the air-cooled automobile 

 engine is not as quiet as the water-cooled, 

 and it requires a somewhat greater quantity 

 and better quality of lubricating oil. If of 

 the four-cycle type, the exhaust valves are 

 also a little more likely to warp with the 

 heat, and give trouble about leaking, than 

 if the cylinders and valve chambers are 

 cooled by a water-jacket. And there is not 

 as much trouble from leaks in water-cooling 

 systems as there used to be, for the manu- 

 facturers have abandoned the use of si eel in 

 the radiators, i:»ipes, and tanks; and the 

 rubber hose, if used at all, is of good quali- 

 ty, so that it is strong and durable. It is 

 true that air-cooled cylinders will never 

 freeze in cold weather; but there is now no 

 excuse for allowing water-cooled cylinders 

 to freeze, for it is very easy to make an anti- 

 freeze solution with either wood alcohol or 

 glycerine mixed with water. 



TWO-CYCLE vs. FOUR-CYCLE AUTOMOBILE 

 ENGINES. 



There has been a vast amount of discus- 

 sion between automobile designers regard- 

 ing the two-cycle engine — that is, one in 

 which there are two strokes of the piston in 

 the complete cycle, as against the one in 

 which there are four strokes in the complete 

 cycle like the average automobile engine. 

 The four-cycle engine has an inlet and ex- 

 haust valve for each cylinder. The opera- 

 tion is something like this: The gasoline 

 vapor is fired by the electric spark, and the 

 force of this charge drives the piston down 

 or away from the cylinder head, and the 

 momentum of the flywheel carries it back 

 again, when the exhaust valve opens and 

 the burnt gases escape. As the piston 

 starts down again, still carried by the mo- 

 mentum of the flywheel, the inlet valve 

 opens, and a fresh charge of gas is drawn 

 into the cylinder. When the piston returns, 

 this charge is compressed, ready to be fired 

 once more, thus completing the cycle. Thus, 

 there are four strokes of the piston in the 

 complete cycle. In the two-cycle engine 

 the piston acts as its own valve, allowing 

 the burnt gases to escape through a port in 

 the cylinder, which is uncovered when the 

 piston reaches nearly the limit of its stroke; 

 and when it moves back again toward the 

 cylinder head a fresh charge which was 

 drawn in is being compressed ready to be 

 fired, so that there are only two strokes of 

 the piston completing the cycle. 



Four-cycle engines are much more com- 

 plicated, but they are more efficient; that is, 

 they will develop a certain horse-power on 

 a smaller amount of gasoline than would be 

 used by a two-cycle engine of the same 

 horse power. For this reason, perhaps, and 



