376 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



A. L. Beaudin's 250-colony apiary at St. Chrysostome, Quebec, Canada. 



of extracted lioi;ey from 170 colonies, and 

 120 pounds of wax from cappings. 



The Universal Simplicity feeder, which 

 I invented, is a feeder j^ar excellence, as it 

 can be adapted to all styles of hives, and 

 one iierson can feed 200 colonies with it in 

 30 minutes, without disturbing the bees. 

 The size is 6x12 inches, and 5-16 high, with 

 capacity of about 10 ounces. This feeder 

 is made of tin, and in order to secure the 

 best results it should be exactly plumb. I 

 have used it about 12 years without adapt- 

 ing it until recently to ditferent sizes of 

 hives. 



St. Chrysostome, Que. 



BOOK-KEEPING NECESSARY 



A Book for Each Kind of Record to be Kept, Bet- 

 ter than One Unwieldy Volume 



BY LEO ELLIS GATELY 



In any successful business, operations 

 must be mathematically evolved and system- 

 atically conducted. It should, therefore, be 

 apparent that, if the apiary is to be put up- 

 on such a basis, no liit-and-miss practices 

 can be tolerated in record-keeping. 



In botli books and publications on bee 

 culture, this matter appears to draw forth 

 scant discussion ; and what is found seems 

 intended more to arouse interest in the sub- 



ject than to outline any fonnulaled plans 

 or up-to-date methods. If an improved 

 method is given, the chances are that its 

 sujiposed superiority will be based chiefly 

 upon the doubtful grounds of ease and ra- 

 pidity, with an utter disregaid of the more 

 essential features of accuracy and perma- 

 nency. Would it not be far better to devote 

 considerably more time and patience to a 

 precise and comprehensive system? 



In an endeavor to keep a comjjlete record 

 of all that transpired in our apiaries we 

 struggled for years through oceans of 

 marks, tags, and memoranda, testing about 

 every scheme in existence. This labor 

 would, in fact, often assume such propor- 

 tions as seemingly to overshadow all other 

 duties. There are, no doubt, plenty of 

 others now making a similar mistake. 



When unimportant details keep one until 

 so late at night that the big tilings get put 

 otT till some future time, there is room for 

 im))rovement in that system of accounts. 

 Neither it is always neglect that tangles bal- 

 ances and reiiorts. Instead of one bulky 

 volume in which to enter tiresome memo- 

 randa, an endless amount of bookkeeping 

 drudgery will be eliminated if a complete 

 set of small ones is kept, divided and sub- 

 divided into all necessary departments. 

 These may bear such distinctions as: 



Dav-book ; weekly queen-rearing ; month- 



