THE HIMALAYAS. 51 



meval forests, which in many parts have never been 

 explored, consist chiefly of sal, send, sessum (valu- 

 able timber), kuldoo, cheer (Scotch pine), bamboo, 

 the leguminosse, and elephant creepers, tree-ferns, 

 wild banana, vines, ferns, high grasses, parasitical 

 orchids, and convolvuli of several varieties ; and 

 are the home of herds of elephant, rhinoceros, 

 tigers, panthers, leopards, cheetas, black bears, 

 hyenas, lynxes, boars, jackals, foxes, wild dogs, 

 tiger-cats, sambur, spotted deer, muntjak, dodur, 

 or four-horned deer, hog-deer, pea-fowl, jungle- 

 fowl, kaleege, or silver pheasant, spur-fowl, black 

 and gray partridge, chickore, bustard, flonkin, or 

 lesser bustard, quail, and hares. 



This tropical belt ceases at from four to five 

 thousand feet, and the forest begins to wear quite 

 a changed aspect, the trees being of a difi^erent 

 character, for from this elevation to about eight or 

 nine thousand feet we have beautiful woods of oak 

 of three Tiinds (the banj, the khurso, and the raoura, 

 all evergreen), walnut, chestnut, sycamore, horse- 

 chestnut, maple, rye and morenda pines, alder, 

 holly, cedar, cypress, ash, poplar, yew, apple, 

 e2 



