Oriental and European History. 13 



were subsequently lost in the Dutch gardens, and it is strange 

 that no account of them can be discovered, and that the gar- 

 deners of Holland knew nothing of them when the chrysan- 

 themum was again introduced into Europe a century later. 

 The next mention of the chrysanthemum is in 1690, by 

 Rheede, a Dutch scientist, in which he alleges that the Dutch 

 were the first Europeans to cultivate the small-flowered varie- 

 ties, and that it was taken by them to their distant colonies of 

 Amboyna and Malabar, where the name of "tsjettipu" was 

 given it. Plukenet describes the small-flowered plants under 

 the name Matricaria Sinensis, describing what is thought to be 

 the Chinese chrysanthemum Matricaria Japonica maxima, re- 

 ferring also to the kychonophane of Bregnius. 



The learned Engelbert Kaempfer, who visited Japan in 

 1690, describes the Chinese chrysanthemum, under the name 

 matricaria, as growing wild in the gardens, being called by 

 the natives kik, kikf, or kikku. He says that there are 

 many varieties, some of which are in blossom at all seasons 

 of the year, and that they are the principal ornaments of all 

 the gardens. Rumphius, in the year 1750, gives a description 

 of plants collected in Amboyna and the adjacent islands, in 

 which the small flowered species is described as Matricaria 

 Sinensis, and is said to have been introduced from China. He 

 also states that in the latter country it is cultivated in pots, 

 and that the Chinese gardeners keep it dwarf and allow only 

 one bloom upon a shoot. 



It appears in the "Hortus Kewensis " that in England the 

 first known plant of the chrysanthemum which bore a small 

 yellow blossom, was growing in the Apothecarius Botanic Gar- 

 den at Chelsea in 1764, but was at that time little esteemed 

 and soon lost sight of. A fortunate circumstance, bearing 

 upon this history, is that when Sir Thomas Sloan conveyed 

 the land forming this garden to the Apothecarius Society in 

 1722, he inserted in the covenant a clause binding them to 



