200 



CITY MILK SUPPLY 



are live milk inspectors. Table 62 shows the results of some observa- 

 tions by Gunn on the temperature of milk picked up at electric car 

 stations, en route to Milwaukee. They are briefly, that at an air tem- 

 perature of 80F., out of 84 separate shipments of milk, 1.2 per cent, 

 gave temperature readings between 45 and 49F., 23.8 per cent, between 

 50 and 59F., 55.9 per cent, between 60 and 69F., 17.9 per cent, be- 

 tween 70 and 79F., or in other words 85.7 per cent, of the milk was at 

 a temperature favorable for bacterial multiplication. 



TABLE 62. COLLECTION OF MILK BY ELECTRIC RAILWAY (GUNN) 

 Showing Temperature of Milk at Time of Collection 



Air temperature at start, 80. Distance traveled, 30 miles. 

 Air temperature at finish, 88. Time taken for trip, 2 hr. 



Transportation of Milk by Steam Railroads. In the smaller cities 

 and towns all the milk is brought in by wagons, but as the cities grow their 

 principal sources of milk supply are located further and further away 

 and more and more of the milk comes by steamboat, electric railways 

 and steam railroads. It is estimated that about 5 per cent, of the milk 

 supply of Indianapolis, 35 per cent, of that of Detroit, 50 per cent, of 

 that of Washington, 55 per cent, of that of Cleveland, 60 per cent, of that 

 of Milwaukee and of that of San Francisco, 65 per cent, of that of New 

 Orleans, 75 per cent, of that of Baltimore, of Cincinnati and St. Louis, 

 83 per cent, of that of Philadelphia, 90 per cent, of that of Boston, 95 

 per cent, of that of Chicago and 98 per cent, of that of New York is 

 brought to the city by steam railroad. 



The first railroad in the United States was built in 1825; from that 

 time till the latter part of 1829 the cars were moved by horses. At that 

 date the steam engine was introduced and thereafter steam railroading 



