THE TRANSPORTATION OF MILK 



209 



None of these three types of cars has ice bunkers; the milk is kept cool 

 in summer by putting ice right on top of the cans. A car that is coming 

 into use and is giving good satisfaction, both because of the excellent 

 condition in which it keeps the milk and because of its economy, is the 

 tank car. A glass-lined steel tank covered with asphalted cork brick 

 that are wired on to the tank, is mounted in an ordinary refrigerator car. 

 The tank is cylindrical with rounded ends and holds 12,486 qt. of milk 

 or 1,469 cans. Milk shipped in these tank cars at 38 to 45F. arrives 

 in Boston at the end of a 175-mile trip with a temperature that is not 



Courtesy of J. O. Jordan. 

 FIG. 37. Ordinary type of car used for transporting milk in New England. 



over 2F. higher than the initial temperature; furthermore, at the low 

 temperature that is maintained in transit there is no churning of the 

 milk. The greatest difficulty in the use of these cars is to secure enough 

 milk at the point of loading to fill the tank; to pick up milk at different 

 points en route would result in materially raising the temperature and 

 in the milk arriving at its destination in poor condition. 



Mr. Zippel, General Agent of the Milk Department of the Delaware, 

 Lackawanna and Western Railroad, in 1910 described the methods, which 

 are practically unchanged at the present time, of transporting milk by 

 rail. The standard car is 42 ft. over the end sills, with steel underframe, 

 and, saving for high-speed air brakes, is from the floor down exactly like 

 a first-class passenger coach. These cars have a capacity of 300 40-qt. 



14 



