THE TRANSPORTATION OF MILK 219 



vehicles employed, thereby decreasing the loading time and congestion, 

 and have decreased the cost of delivery. 



In general, the mode of operation is to use the 10-ton trucks for trans- 

 ferring the bulk, and less often the cased milk from the trains to the main 

 city milk plant, for carrying the cased milk from the main plant to the 

 local delivery plants and for returning the empty utensils to the railway 

 terminal. The medium-sized trucks are used less for the traffic between 

 the terminals and the main plant, but more for that between the main 

 plant and the local ones, and for delivery to hospitals, restaurants, con- 

 fectionery establishments and stores that take good-sized orders of milk 

 and that are considerable distance apart. The 1 to 2-ton trucks are 

 used chiefly in special service. 



The 10-ton trucks are of two sorts, regular motor trucks, and tractors 

 that couple onto trailers, the latter having the advantage that on delivery 

 of the load they can uncouple at once and couple up to other trailers, 

 thereby saving time that the regular trucks lose in waiting to be unloaded 

 and loaded again. The large trucks leave the garage early in the evening 

 and go to the main and local plants for loads of utensils which they carry 

 to the railway terminals and return therefrom with a load of milk, as a 

 rule making two trips in a night which work is usually finished by six in 

 the morning. In the day time these trucks are in service between the 

 main and local plants. 



The itinerary of a tractor and 10-ton trailer engaged in hauling milk 

 from railway terminal to the main plant and of part of the itinerary of a 

 4-ton motor truck employed in distribution to stores appears in Tables 68 

 and 69. 



There is marked difference in the efficiency with which the several 

 trucks studied were operated and this is set forth in Table 70 which is self- 

 explanatory. However, attention is called to the fact that the average 

 commercial ton- miles made by the Howell-Demarset truck show that it 

 was engaged in a different sort of traffic than the others. Table 71 shows 

 the waste factor of standing time for the several trucks. 



