282 CITY MILK SUPPLY 



Per cent. 



Mother obliged to go out to work 25 . 40 



Mother able to supply by nursing but part of the milk 



necessary 25 . 08 



Mother's milk failed . 15.40 



Mother too ill to nurse 9.16 



Mother dead 7.50 



Mother's milk not nourishing 7 . 50 



Mother deserted the baby Ji 5 . 80 



Mother never able to nurse 4.16 



In the entire period 20 physicians and two to four graduate nurses 

 cooperated in the work. The nurses gave their entire time and, besides 

 being present and helping in the examination of babies at the stations, 

 visited the homes of the children. 



In all 1,128 babies were prescribed for and 377,500 bottles of milk 

 distributed. The records of 110 babies were not complete. Of the 1,108 

 others it was found : 



557 babies prescribed pasteurized milk exclusively 



showed an average net gain of 0.4077 oz. per baby per day. 



351 babies prescribed raw milk exclusively showed an 



average net gain of . 4030 oz. per baby per day. 



Difference in favor of pasteurized milk. 0.0047 oz. per baby per day. 



110 babies prescribed both pasteurized and raw milk at different times 

 showed : 



On pasteurized milk an average net gain. of 0.4607 oz. per baby per day. 



On raw milk an average net gain of 0.4312 oz. per baby per day. 



Difference in favor of pasteurized milk 0.0295 oz. per baby per day. 



Milk for Babies a Special Milk. It is now recognized that in our 

 large cities it is not feasible to bring the whole milk supply up to the stand- 

 ard of that required for infant feeding. The procuring of a supply of 

 babies milk is a special problem of city milk supply and this should be 

 remembered in relation to pasteurization. Pasteurization protects babies 

 from diarrheal diseases, typhoid fever, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and from 

 bovine tuberculosis and, if in the opinion of some physicians this advan- 

 tage is outweighed by other considerations or at least in some cases 

 makes the use of raw milk advisable, it does not follow that for these 

 reasons older children and adults should surrender the protection from 

 communicable disease that the use of pasteurized milk affords. 



Pasteurization an Additional Process. It has been urged that pas- 

 teurization is an additional process to those already in use in preparing 

 milk for the market and involves exposing it to new sources of contamina- 

 tion and to the possibility of infection from another group of workers in 

 the milk plants. That there was some slight grounds for these fears 



