THE MILK CONTRACTOR 349 



age of $1 . 16 per day per man. If this service were concentrated in one sec- 

 tion under a single efficient distributing agency, thus avoiding overlapping 

 routes, waste of labor and reduplication of equipment, it could be ren- 

 dered in a superior manner by a much smaller force and equipment as 

 indicated in Table 107. 



TABLE 107. COST OF DISTRIBUTING 3,016 QT. OP MILK BY 25 PETTY DISTRIBUTORS 

 OP ROCHESTER, N. Y., COMPARED WITH COST OF DISTRIBUTING THE SAME 



UNDER A MODEL SYSTEM (WILLIAMS) 

 Under present system "Under model system 



29 men at $1.16 per day $33.63 3 men at $2.50 per day $7.50 



34 horses and 26 wagons, main- 4 horses, daily maintenance 5 . 00 



tenance 26. 00 1 truck, maintenance 0.25 



1 motor truck part of 1 day 2 . 00 



Total $59.63 Superintendence 6.00 



$20.75 



The $3,300 now invested in 23 small insanitary milk rooms would 

 furnish a very good equipment for one sanitary milk depot. A complete 

 outfit of horses and trucks could be had for $1,100, a saving of at least 

 $7,700. The economies that could be effected by these and other unnec- 

 essary wastes on this amount of service would lessen the cost of distribu- 

 tion by about $40 per day, or 1.5 cts. per quart. 



Table 108 is Williams' statement of the delivery of milk in Rochester 

 at the present time and how it might be delivered under a model system. 



TABLE 108. THE DELIVERY OF MILK IN ROCHESTER, N. Y., AS AT PRESENT, AND AS 

 IT MJGHT BE DELIVERED UNDER A MODEL SYSTEM (WILLIAMS) 

 Present system Model system 



356 men and in many cases their families 90 men 

 380 horses 50 horses 



305 wagons 25 horse-drawn trucks 



2,509 miles of travel 300 miles of travel 



$76,600 invested in milk-room equipment $75,000 equipment for sanitary plants 

 $108,000 invested in horses and wagons $30,750 equipment of horses and trucks 

 $2,000 present daily cost of distribution $600 estimated daily cost of distribution 

 $720,000 present yearly cost of distribu- $22,000 estimated yearly cost of distribu- 

 tion tion. 



The same conditions exist in other American cities; thus the Dairy 

 Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1915 found that in the 

 District of Columbia the shortest distance traveled by any one of 98 

 wagons studied was 10.4 miles and the longest was 30, the average being 

 19.1 miles. At the time there were 510 miles of street and 250 wagons in 

 the district so that if each wagon covered 19.1 miles they traveled in all 

 4,775 miles or 93 times the total number of miles of street and about eight 

 out of every nine wagons were used uneconomically. More than SO^deal- 

 ers were making deliveries. 



