408 CITY MILK SUPPLY 



production by attempting to control only those sources of bacterial con- 

 tamination that the most recent studies of barn contamination have 

 shown to be important. Such doctrine may be heretical but it seems 

 to the writer that more good would be accomplished by the producers 

 of certified milk, if instead of striving to market milk with bacterial 

 counts of less than 10,000 per cubic centimeter, which few can afford to 

 buy, they would be content to keep the counts between 25,000 and 

 50,000 per cubic centimeter and so, produce milk at less cost, that might 

 be sold at a price within the means of a larger public. 



The members of milk commissions usually give their services gratis 

 and they even pay for the minor expenses of carrying on the work them- 

 selves. Some money for expenses is derived from a charge that is made 

 for certification. This may be at so much per year for each dairy, at 

 so much per 1,000 caps or at so much per quart of milk produced. The 

 salaries of the experts in the service of the commission are commonly 

 paid by the dairyman. 



The immediate control of the production of certified milk is in the 

 hands of the medical milk commissions which certify it. The American 

 Association of Medical Milk Commissions in 1912 promulgated the 

 following rules for the production of certified milk. 



HYGIENE OF THE DAIRY 



UNDER THE SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF THE VETERINARIAN 



1. Pastures or Paddocks. Pastures or paddocks to which the cows have access 

 shall be free from marshes or stagnant pools, crossed by no stream which might 

 become dangerously contaminated, at sufficient distances from offensive condi- 

 tions to suffer no bad effects from them, and shall be free from plants which affect 

 the milk deleteriously. 



2. Surroundings of Buildings. The surroundings of all buildings shall be kept 

 clean and free from accumulations of dirt, rubbish, decayed vegetable or animal 

 matter or animal waste, and the stable yard shall be well drained. 



3. Location of Buildings. Buildings in which certified milk is produced and 

 handled shall be so located as to insure proper shelter and good drainage, and at 

 sufficient distance from other buildings, dusty roads, cultivated and dusty fields, 

 and all other possible sources of contamination; provided, in the case of unavoid- 

 able proximity to dusty roads or fields, the exposed side shall be screened with 

 cheese cloth. 



4. Construction of Stables. The stables shall be constructed so as to facilitate 

 the prompt and easy removal of waste products. The floors and platforms shall 

 be made of cement or other non-absorbent material, and the gutters of cement 

 only. The floors shall be properly graded and drained, and the manure gutters 

 shall be from 6 to 8 in. deep and so placed in relation to the platform that all 

 manure will drop into them. 



5. The inside surface of the walls and all interior construction shall be smooth, 

 with tight joints, and shall be capable of shedding water. The ceiling shall be 



