CONTROL OF THE PUBLIC MILK SUPPLY 409 



of smooth material and dust-tight. All horizontal and slanting surfaces which 

 might harbor dust shall be avoided. 



6. Drinking and Feed Troughs. Drinking troughs or basins shall be drained 

 and cleaned each day, and feed troughs and mixing floors shall be kept in a clean 

 and sanitary condition. 



7. Stanchions. Stanchions when used shall be constructed of iron pipes or 

 hardwood, and throat latches shall be provided to prevent the cows from lying 

 down between the time of cleaning and the time of milking. 



8. Ventilation. The cow stables shall be provided with adequate ventilation 

 either by means of some approved artificial device, or by the substitution of 

 cheese cloth for glass in the windows, each cow to be provided with a minimum 

 of 600 cu. ft. of air space. 



9. Windows. A sufficient number of windows shall be installed and so dis- 

 tributed as to provide satisfactory light and a maximum of sunshine; 2 ft. square 

 of window area to each 600 cu. ft. of air space to represent the minimum. 

 The coverings of such windows shall be kept free from dust and dirt. 



10. Exclusion of Flies, Etc. All necessary measures should be taken to pre- 

 vent the entrance of flies and other insects, and rats and other vermin into all the 

 buildings. 



11. Exclusion of Animals from the Herd. No horses, hogs, dogs, or other 

 animals or fowls shall be allowed to come in contact with the certified herd either 

 in the stables or elsewhere. 



12. Bedding. No dusty or mouldy hay or straw, bedding from horse stalls, or 

 other unclean materials shall be used for bedding the cows. Only bedding which 

 is clean, dry, and absorbent may be used, preferably shavings or straw. 



13. Cleaning Stable and Disposal of Manure. Soiled bedding and manure 

 shall be removed at least twice daily, and the floors shall be swept and kept free 

 from refuse. Such cleaning shall be done at least 1 hr. before the milking 

 time. Manure, when removed, shall be drawn to the field or temporarily stored 

 in containers so screened as to exclude flies. Manure shall not be even tempo- 

 rarily stored within 300 ft. of the barn or dairy building. 



14. Cleaning of Cows. Each cow in the herd shall be groomed daily, and no 

 manure, mud, or filth shall be allowed to remain upon her during milking; for 

 cleaning, a vacuum apparatus is recommended. 



15. Clipping. Long hairs shall be clipped from the udder and flanks of the 

 cow, and from the tail above the brush. The hair on the tail shall be cut so that 

 the brush may be well above the ground. 



16. Cleaning of Udders. The udders and teats of the cow shall be cleaned 

 before milking; they shall be washed with a cloth and water, and dry wiped with 

 another clean sterilized cloth a separate cloth for drying each cow. 



17. Feeding. All foodstuffs shall be kept in an apartment separate from and 

 not directly communicating with the cow barn. They shall be brought into the 

 barn only immediately before the feeding hour, which shall follow the milking. 



18. Only those foods shall be used which consist of fresh, palatable, or nutri- 

 tious materials, such as will not injure the health of the cows or unfavorably 

 affect the taste or character of the milk. Any dirty or mouldy food or food in 

 a state of decomposition or putrefaction shall not be given. 



19. A well-balanced ration shall be used, and all changes of food shall be made 



