CONTROL OF THE PUBLIC MILK SUPPLY 423 



(i) What facilities are provided for sickness in employees? . 



(fc) General hygienic condition of the dormitories or houses of the employees. 



(0 Suggestions for improvement 



\1>J UUgCOl>.HJl.lQ J.VJ1 UUf*W VVAUWIH. . 



(m) What is the hygienic condition of the employees and their surroundings? 



(ft) How many employees were examined at each of the foregoing visits? 

 (o) Remarks. . 



Attending physician. 

 Date, . 



NOTE. Since these methods and standards were adopted the standard methods 

 of bacteriological analysis of the American Public Health Association quoted in 

 paragraph 65 have been superseded by the methods adopted in 1916. Also, Frost 

 has modified the microscopic test for heated milk given in paragraph 86. (Author.) 



Enforcement of the Milk Code. Having adopted an ordinance, the 

 next thing is to enforce it. This duty in most municipalities devolves 

 upon the health officer. In small cities he actually does the inspection 

 and analytical work but in the larger ones it is done under his direction 

 through a bureau of 'milk control whose chief is very largely responsible 

 for the success of the service. Those who formulate the policy to be 

 adopted in improving the milk supply should recognize that in its last 

 analysis the milk question is a financial problem. An inexorable con- 

 dition of dairy farmers and milk contractors remaining in business is 

 that they shall make money, therefore any attempt to impose on the milk 

 business such conditions that it becomes unprofitable results either in 

 the failure of the proposed regulatory measures with consequent confusion 

 of their proponents or in forcing good milkmen out of business which, of 

 the two results, is least likely to occur. Not only do pecuniary considera- 

 tions rule the producers and distributors but the efforts at control are 

 directly limited by the amount of money available for the work. The 

 amount expended by American cities in suspervising their milk supplies 

 is not large. Kelly of the Dairy Division of the U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture in 1913 found that of 162 cities, 22 spent absolutely nothing 

 and in the others the expenditure ranged from J^Q ct. per capita per year 

 up to 19 cts. per capita per year. The average amount expended, in 

 cities spending anything at all, was 4.14 cts. per capita per year. These 

 figures included all the moneys put into farm and city inspections, labora- 

 tory work, supervisory and clerical work, etc. So, every aspect presents 

 the financial question in the foreground. 



The Milk Supply of a City a Valuable Asset. The milk supply of 

 a community should be recognized as one of its important resources, as 

 an asset that should not only be protected but be developed and increased 

 in value. None of the large cities have attempted to estimate the amount 

 of capital that is invested to their benefit in the dairy farms and milk 



