426 CITY MILK SUPPLY 



As the dairies multiply and are located at greater distances from the 

 city the opportunities for the milk to become infected are increased, 

 consequently pasteurization under strict supervision becomes a necessity. 



The decision as to pasteurization determines the attitude to be taken 

 on the question of bovine tuberculosis. An unpasteurized milk supply 

 ought to come from tuberculin-tested herds, otherwise the milk will 

 certainly contain living tuberculosis germs and a number of children or 

 young people in early youth will contract the disease. Proper pasteuri- 

 zation gives a high degree of protection against bovine tuberculosis 

 and makes it possible to present the campaign that must be waged against 

 it to the farmers as necessary to protect their herds from the severe losses 

 that the disease inflicts, rather than as a public health measure. More 

 permanent results are obtained if the dairyman can be brought to see 

 that the movement to eradicate the disease is calculated to protect and 

 improve his herds than are possible when the movement seems to him to 

 be an attempt to guard others, by the sacrifice of his property, from a 

 disease whose very existence seems to him mythical. 



Necessity of a General Survey of the Producing Territory. Having 

 decided on the general policies of control to be adopted a survey of the 

 dairy situation should be undertaken. The length of winter, the period 

 when the cattle are closely confined in barns should be determined; it 

 should be noted what extremes of heat and cold the herds have to endure 

 and at what time these occur. The amount and distribution of the 

 rainfall, the prevalence of fogs and other weather conditions that may 

 affect the ventilation of the barns, the raising of crops and the health of 

 the herds should be recorded. The general topography of the country 

 bears a relation to the water supply, the drainage, the condition of the 

 roads over which the milk must be hauled, etc. 



The character of the people engaged in dairying should be studied. 

 They may be classified according to their occupancy of the land, as to 

 whether they are renters or owners which often determines their ability 

 to make improvements on the property they occupy. They may be 

 grouped according to the kinds of farming they practice; it is much easier 

 to introduce improvements in a district where dairy farming is the 

 principal business than ifl those where it is incidental to grain growing, 

 fruit growing or other kinds of agriculture. The farms that have and 

 those that have not proper dairy equipment should be noted. The social 

 development of a farming community is important for the condition of its 

 schools, its habits of reading and study, and its opportunities for recrea- 

 tion determine its intelligence and ability to progress. It should be ob- 

 served how many farmers there are who will welcome inspection, how 

 many who may be inspired to adopt better methods and what proportion, 

 because they will not do so, will have to be eliminated. 



General market conditions should be investigated. It should be 



