THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ANIMALS 203 



Goats, deer, many larger game animals, seals, walruses, etc., 

 give food to people who live in parts of the earth that are less 

 densely populated. 



Domesticated Animals. When man emerged from his savage 

 state on the earth, one of the first signs of the beginning of civili- 

 zation was the domestication 

 of animals. The dog, the cow, 

 sheep, and especially the horse, 

 mark epochs in the advance of 

 civilization. Beasts of burden 

 are used the world over, horses 

 almost all over the world, cer- 

 tain cattle, as the water buffalo, 

 in tropical Malaysia; camels, 

 goats, and the llama are also 

 used as draft animals in some 

 other countries. 



Man's wealth in many parts 

 of the world is estimated in 

 terms of his cattle or herds of 

 sheep. So many products come 

 from these sources that a long 

 list might be given, such as 

 meats, milk, butter, cheese, 

 wool, or other body coverings, 

 leather, skins, and hides used 

 for other purposes. Great industries are directly dependent upon 

 our domesticated animals, as the making of shoes, the manu- 

 facture of woolen cloth, the tanning industry, and many others. 



Uses for Clothing. The manufacture of silk is due to the pro- 

 duction of raw silk by the silkworm, the caterpillar of a moth. 

 It lives upon the mulberry and makes a cocoon from which the silk 

 is wound. The Chinese silkworm is now raised to a slight extent 

 in southern California. China, Japan, Italy, and France, because 

 of cheaper labor, are the most successful silk-raising countries. 



The use of wool gives rise to many great industries. After the 

 wool is cut from the sheep, it has to be washed and scoured to 



Feeding silkworms. The caterpillars are 

 the white objects in the trays. 



