WOOD'S CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY. xiii 



512. Are its pistils always distinct as in columbine ? 



Is the gyncecium always free and superior as in columbine ? 



513. What is said of the number of the pistils ? 



Whajpis the meaning of the terms monogynous? Trigynous? 



514. How may a simple pistil be known ? 



515. Name the three parts of the pistil ? Which is non-essential ? 



516. How is this carpellary leaf folded in becoming a pistil? 

 What forms the two sutures ? 



517. Explain figs. 378 bis, 379 bis, and illustrate this view. 

 Also compare these with figs. 380, 381. 



519. What is therefore the full expression of the doctrine ? 



520. What are the placentae ? When is it double ? 



521. Illustrate a simple carpel by a pea-pod. 



522. What is the stigma ? 



523. Of what does a compound pistil consist? 



Describe the various degrees of cohesion, as in different plants. 



Describe figs. 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392. 



Also here describe figs. 384, 385, 386 and 371 to 379. 



524. Mention carefully the five methods of determining the number of 



carpels. 



525. In the first mode of cohesion, how are the carpels conditioned ? 



1. In this case, how many cells will there be ? 



2. How will the dissepiments be conditioned ? 



3. Why is the partition in the flax cell called spurious ? 



4. Where will the placentae be located? 



526. In the second mode of cohesion, how are the carpels? 



1. In this case, how many cells will there be ? 



2. How will the placentae be located ? 



527. Can you mention any intermediate conditions ? 



528. Can you describe the free axile placentas ? 



How many methods of explaining this singularity ? 

 In which figures is such a placenta seen ? (394, 398.) 

 Describe figs. 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405. 



529. Here notice forms of style and stigma in fig. 385, and in 371 to 379. 



532. What is the nature of the ovule ? 



What evidence of this theory can you mention ? 



533. As to number, what is definite ? Indefinite ? 



534. As to position, what is erect ? Ascending, etc. ? 

 Illustrate by figs. 414, 415, 416, 417. 



535. As to its parts, what is the funiculus ? Chalaza? Tegmen? Testa? 



Micropyle ? 



536. As to turns, what does orthotropous mean ? Anatropous ? 

 Describe fig. 406. Describe figs. 413, 407, 408, 409. 



In fig. 409, point out the funiculus, chalaza, tegmen, testa, micropyle, and 



nucleus. 



Describe figs. 410, 411, the same six parts, and the raphe and hilum. 

 539. What of the embryo sac ? 



CHAPTER XIII. 



541. What short definition of fruit is given ? 



542. What becomes of the corolla and stamens after flowering? 

 What of the calyx? What of the style ? 



543. What is remarked of consolidated fruit ? 



544. Why is an early examination of the ovary safer than a late? 



