174 NOMENCLATURE. BOTANICAL ANALYSIS. 



Cohort 6. Florideae (Liliacese, etc.). 

 Class IV. Glumiferae, or Glumaceae. 



Cohort 7. Graminoideae (Sedges, grasses). 

 The sub kingdom CRYPTOGAMIA, or FLOWERLESS PLANTS. 

 Province 3. Acrogence. 

 Class V. Angiosporae. 



Cohort 8. Sporogamia (Marsilleaceae, Lycopodiacese). 

 Cohort 9. Thallogamia (Filices, etc.). 

 Cohort 10. Axogamia (Mosses and Hepaticae). 

 Province 4. Thallogence. 

 Class YI. Gymnosporse. 



Cohort 11. Aerophyta (Lichens). 

 Cohort 12. Hysterophyta (Fungi). 

 Cohort 13. Hydrophyta (Algae). 



CHAPTEE IV. 



1. NOMENCLATURE. BOTANICAL ANALYSIS. 



909. THE NAMES OF THE ORDERS aro Latin adjectives (feminine, plural, to agree 

 with plantw, plants, understood), usually derived from the name of the most promi- 

 nent, or leading genus, in each, by changing or prolonging the termination into 

 acecB, as Rosacece, the rose tribe, Papaveracece, the poppy tribe, from Rosa and Pa- 

 paver. Earlier names, however, derived from some leading character in the order, 

 and with various terminations, are still retained. Thus, Composites, with compound 

 flowers ; Labiate?., with labiate flowers. 



910. GENERIC NAMES are Latin substantives, arbitrarily formed, often from some 

 medicinal virtue, either supposed or real, or from some obvious character of the 

 genus ; sometimes from the native country of the plants, or from the name of some 

 distinguished botanist, or patron of botany, to whom the genus is thus said to be 

 dedicated. Also the ancient classic names, either Latin or Greek, are often retained. 

 Examples of all these modes of construction will be hereafter seen. 



911. SPECIFIC NAMES are Latin adjectives, singular number, and agreeing in gen- 

 der with the name of the genus to which they belong. They are mostly founded 

 upon some distinctive character of the species; as Gerardia glauca, glaucous- 

 stemmed Gerardia ; G. purpurea, purple-flowered Gerardia ; G. tenmfolia, slender- 

 leaved Gerardia. Frequently the species is named after some other genus, which, 

 in some respect, it resembles; as Gerardia guercifolia, oak-leaved Gerardia. G 

 delphinifolia, larkspur-leaved Gerardia. 



912. COMMEMORATIVE SPECIFIC NAMES. SPECIES, like genera, are also some- 

 times named in commemoration of distinguished persons. The rules given by Lind- 

 ley, for the construction of such names, are, 1st. Jf the person is the discoverer, the 

 specific name is a substantive in the genitive case, singular number ; as, Lobelia 

 Kalmii, Kalm's Lobelia; Pinus Fraseri, Eraser's pine. 2d. If the name is merely 

 conferred in honor of the person to whom it is dedicated* it is an adjective ending 



