218 ORDER 6. BERBERIDACE^E. 



at base into the petiole, and remarkably distinguished by their bristly serrr.tureB. 

 Fls. yellow, a dozen or more in each hanging cluster. Sta. irritable, springing 

 violently against the stigma when touched. Berries scarlet, very acid, forming 

 an agreeable jelly when boiled with sugar. The bark of the root dyes yellow. 

 Jn. ? Eur. 



/3 CAXADEXSIS Willd. Rac. few (6 8)-flowered ; berries oval. Can. (Pursh) to 

 Va. and Ga.. along the Alleghanies. Apparently a reduced form of a, with 

 narrower leaves and smaller flowers and clusters. (B. Canadensis Ph.) 

 2 B. Aquifolium Ph. Lvs. pinnate, Ifts. 3 6 pairs, leathery, with spinulose 

 teeth ; fil. with 2 slender teeth. In woods, Oregon (Rev. G-. Atkinson), now often 

 cultivated. A firm bushy shrub, 3 5f high, with shining, dark green leaflets, 

 resembling the leaves of the holly. Fls. yellow, in short, upright clusters, opening 

 early, f (Mahonia Nutt.) 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM, MX. Conosn. (Gr. KavMg, stem; 

 leaf; the stem appearing as the stalk of the compound leaf.) Calyx 

 of 6 green sepals 3-bracted at base ; corolla of 6 short, gland-like 

 thickened petals, opposite the sepals ; stamens 6 ; ovary 2-ovuled, 

 becoming a thin pericarp, which soon breaks away after flowering, and 

 the 2 round drupe-like seeds ripen naked. 1 Glabrous and glaucous, 

 arising from a knotted rhizome. Lvs. compound. 



C. thalictroides MX. PAPPOOSE ROOT. A curious plant in woods, Can. to Car. 

 and Ky. Plant glaucous, purple when young. St. 1 2if high, round, dividing 

 above into 2 parts, one of which is a short common petiole of a triterrmte leaf, the 

 other bears a 2-ternate leaf and a racemous panicle of greenish flowers. Lfts. 

 paler beneath, 2 3' long, lobed like those of the Thalictrum or Aquilegia. Seeds 

 2 (mostly 1 by abortion), naked after having burst the caducous, thin, pericarp, 

 deep blue, resembling berries on thick stipes. May. (Leontice, L.) 



3. DIPHYLLEIA, MX. UMBRELLA-LEAF. (Gr. dig, twice ; 



leaf.) Calyx of 5 sepals, caducous ; cor. of 6 oval petals larger than 

 the sepals ; stamens 6 ; ovary eccentric ; stigma subsessile ; berry few- 

 ccedcd, seeds attached laterally below the middle. 2| Glabrous, arising 

 from a thick, horizontal root-stock. Lvs. simple, peltate. 

 D. cymosa MX. Along streams or Mts., Va. to Ga., and Tenn. Stems 1 2f 

 high, stout, some of them bearing a single large (1 2f broad) orbicular, cut- 

 lobed, centrally peltate leaf; others with two alternate, smaller, roundish reni- 

 form leaves, which are peltate near the base, deeply 2-lobed, the lobes cleft, and 

 a terminal cyme of white flowers in June. 



4. JEFFERSdNIA, Bart. TWIN-LEAF. (In honor of President Jeffer- 

 son, a patron of science.) Sepals 4, colored, deciduous ; petals 8, 

 spreading, incurved; stamens 8, with linear anthers; stigma peltate; 

 capsule obovate, stipitate, opening by a circumscissile dehiscence. 

 Khizome thick, blackish, with a mass of matted fibers. Scape simple, 

 1-flowered. Lvs. 2-parted or binate. (Figs. 168, 253, 304, 444.) 



J. diphylla Barton. A singular plant 814' high, Middle and Western States. 



5. to Ga. Rhizome horizontal. Each petiole bears at the top a pair of binate, 

 obliquely ovate leaflets, which are placed base to base, and broader than long, 

 ending in an obtuse point, glaucous beneath. Scape as long as the petioles. FK 

 large, regular, white. The capsule opens only half round, and has, therefore, a 

 persistent lid. Apr. This plant has, in Ohio, the reputation of a stimulant, and 

 anti-spasmodic, and is there significantly termed rheumatism root 



5. PODOPHYLLUM, L. MAY APPLE. (Gr. Trovg, -odbg, a foot, 

 , a leaf ; alluding to the long, firm petioles.) Sepals 3, oval, 



