ORDER 16. VIOLA.CE^E. 243 



very obtuse. Grows on woody hills and mountains, Mass., N. Y., Can., rare. A 

 small, stemless violet 2' high, with small, pale blue Us. conspicuously spurred. 

 Lvs. rather numerous and longer than the peduncles. Petals beardless, the upper 

 one striate with deep blue. May. 



7 V. pedata L. Rt. premorse; Ivs. pedately 5 9-parted, segments linear-lance- 

 olate, entire; stig. large, obtusely truncate, scarcely beaked; spur short, obtuse. 

 A smooth, beautiful, large-flowered violet, in hilly woods, Can. to 111. and Fla. 

 Rhizome fleshy, ending abruptly as if cut or bitten off. Lvs. thick, 2-ternately 

 divided into about 7 obtuse, narrow segments. Petioles with loug, ciliate stipules 

 at base. Ped. sub-4-angled, much longer than the leaves. Petals pale blue, 

 white at base, all of them beardless and entire. Apr., May. 



/3. The two upper petals deep violet colored, the others light-blue with much 

 yellow at their bases, as in the garden pansey. Plants smaller, with large 

 flowers. In Mt. Hope Cemetery, Macon, Ga. 



8 V. delphinifolia Nutt. Lvs. pedately 1 ^-parted, with linear, 13-deft seg- 

 ments all similar ; stig. thick, distinctly beaked. Prairies and bottoms, 111., Iowa, 

 Mo. Lvs. often finely divided with many dissected segments, pubescent along 

 the edge, prominently veined beneath. Slip, acuminate, subentire. Ped. a little 

 longer than the leaves. Fls. rather smaller than iu tho last, of a rich blue ; lateral 

 petals boarded. Mar., Apr. 



9 V. cucullata Ait. Lvs. reniform-cordate, cucullate at base, acute, crenate ; stip. 

 linear; inferior and lateral petals bearded. This is one of the more common 

 kinds of violet, found in low, grassy woods from Arctic Am. to Fla. Lvs. on long 

 petioles, usually rolled at base into a hooded form. Fls. light blue or purple, with 

 scapes somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves. Petals twisted, white at the 

 base, marked with lines of deeper blue. Apr., May. This species varies from 

 pubescent to glabrous, from Ivs. reniform to ovate, deltoid, or hastate ; from fls. 

 deep blue to light-blue or even white, and as is now generally conceded, to the 

 following remarkable forms : 



/?. PALMATA. Lvs. (cordate) all or some of them very irregularly Lastate-lobed, 



the middle lobe largest, tho earlier Ivs. commonly undivided and broadly cor- 



date. Fls. large. Plant 4 12' high. (V. palmata L.) Common at the 



South. 

 y. SEPTEMLOBA. Lvs. (concave at base) jnoro deeply 5 7-lobed, the middle 



lobe largest, oblanceolate, all rather succulent and strongly veined beneath ; 



fls. very large. (V. septemloba Le Conte.) Low, pine woods, Ga. (Pond). 



Plant 5 12' high. A remarkable form truly, but evidently varying into p. 



Apr. 



10 V. villosa "Walt. Lvs. roundish-ovate, cordate, obtuse, flat, pubescent, cbscurely 

 crenate, sinus narrower closed; pet. bearded; stig. beaked. Sandy woods, mid- 

 dle Ga., common N. to Penn. Plant 2 3' high. Lvs. spreading, scarcely 1' long, 

 the petioles longer (1 2'). Fls. small, bluish purple, on stalks shorter than the 

 leaves. Mar., Apr. 



11 V. sagittata Ait. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, sagittate-cordate, subacute, often in- 

 cisely deutato at base, serrate-crenate, smooth or slightly pubescent; pedicel 

 longer than the leaves ; lower and lateral pet. densely bearded. On dry hills, 

 Can. to Fla., W. to Ark. Lvs. varying from oblong-sagittate to triangular-hastate, 

 on margined petioles. Scapes 3 to 5' long. Sep. lanceolate, acute. Pet. entire, 

 veiny, purplish blug, white at base. Stig. rostrate, margined. Apr. Jn. 



J3. OVATA. Lvs. ovate, abrupt at base and decurrent on tho petioles, pubescent, 

 the upper often iiicisely dentate at baso. (V. ovata Nutt.) N. J., south- 

 ward. 



12 V. hastata MX. Smooth; st. simple, erect, leafy above; Ivs. deltoid-lanceolate 

 or hastate, acute, dentato ; stip. ovate, minute, ciliate-dentate ; lower pet. dilated, 

 obscurely 3-lobed, lateral ones slightly bearded; sep. lanceolate, with a very 

 short spur. Pine woods, Tenn. to Fla. St. slender, 6 10' high. Fls. yellow, on 

 stalks shorter than the leaves. Apr., May. 



13 V. tripartita Ell. Ifairy. St. simple, erect, leafy above ; Ivs. deep ly 3 -par ted, 

 .lobes lanceolate, dentate ; stip. lanceolate. Upper Ga. Plant about If high, vil- 



