ORDER 47. ROSACEyE. 351 



3 C. arborescens Ell. Unarmed; Ivs. lanceolate, acute at each end, deeply 

 serrate, glabrous above, pubescent in the axles of the veins beneath; cal. hairy, 

 s?gm. subulate, obtuse, entire; sty. 5. Fort Argyle, on the Ogeechee R. (Elliott). 

 A tree 20 to 30f high, with spreading branches. Petioles short, with shorter, 

 linear-lanceolate caducous stipules. Segm. of the cal. reflected. Fr. small, red, 

 3" diam. Mar., Apr. 



4 C. apiifolia MX. Pubescent, thorny ; Ivs. deltoid, truncate at base, deeply 5 to 7- 

 cul-lobed, lobes incisMy toothed at end, petiole slender, often longer than the blade; 

 sep. lanceolate ; sty. 2 or 3 ; fr. small, red. In woods, Va. to Fla. and La. A 

 handsome shrub, 8 to 12f high, with rather short, stout thorns, and large, white 

 or roseate fls. Lvs. small, broader (10 to 18") than long, fascicled, numerous. 

 Corymbs 10 to 12-flowered. Fr. oval, about 3" long. Mar., Apr. 



5 C. Oxycantlia L. HAWTHORN*. ENGLISH THORN. Lvs. obnvale, obtuse, 3 to 

 5-lobed, serrate, smoothish, shining above, wedge-shaped at base: corymbs 

 glabrous; sty. 1 to 3; fr. ovoid, small. Hedges, &c., sparingly naturalized. 

 Shrub very branching, 8 to 18f high. Thorns slender, very sharp, axillary. Lvs. 

 1.} to 2' long, nearly as wide, deeply lobed; petioles i to 1' long. Fls. white, 

 varying to roseate. Fr. 2 to 3'' diam., usually 1-seeded, purple. Used for hedges 

 (extensively in Europe). There are several varieties. f 



6 C. coccinea L. WHITE THORN. Lvs. broadly ovate, acutely serrate, 7 to 9- 

 lobod (lobes shallow), thin and smooth, abrupt at base ; petioles long, slender, and 

 (with the calyx) smooth arid subglandular ; sty. 3 to 5. A thorny shrub or small 

 tree, 10 to 20f high, in thickets by streams, <fcc., Can. and U. S. Brandies 

 crooked and spreading, branchlets and thorns whitish. Thorns stout, rigid, 

 sharp, a little recurved, about !' long. Lvs. 1 J to 2i' long, -J as wide, lobed, or 

 (rather) coarsely, doubly acuminate-serrate. Petioles very slender, as long as 

 the lamina. Fls. white, in paniculate, lateral corymbs of about 12. Fr. 5" diam., 

 bright purple, eatable in Sept. Fls. May. 



7 C. cordata Ait. WASHINGTON THORN. Thorny, glabrous and glandless ; IVF. 

 cordate-ovate, somewhat deltoid, incisely and often deeply 3 to 5-lobed, serrate, 

 with long and slender petioles; sep. short; sty. 5 ; fr. small, globous-depressed. 

 Banks and streams, Va. to Ga,, cultivated in the Middle States for hedgerows. 

 Shrub 15 to 20f high, the branches with very sharp and slender thorns 2 to ?>' 

 long. Lvs. about 2 by 1J', the upper rather cuneate at base, tlK> others truncato 

 or heart-shaped. Pomes %' diam., numerous, red. Jn. \ 



8 C. Crus-galli L. COCK-SPUR THORN. Glabrous ; Ivs. obovate-cuneiform, or ob- 

 lanceolate, tapering to a short petiole, serrate, coriaceous, shining above; spine* 

 very long; corymbs glabrous; sep. lanceolate, subserrate ; sty. 1 (2 or 3). 

 Hedges and thickets, Can. and U. S. Shrub 10 to 20f high, much branched. 

 Thorns 2 to 3' long, straight, sharp and rather slender. Lvs. 1 to 2' long, a 

 third as wide, taporing and entire at base, mostly obtuse at apex; petioles 1 to 

 5" loaj. Fls. white, fragrant, in corymbs of about 15, on very short, lateral 

 branchlets. Fr. pyriform, dull red, 2 to 3" diam., persistent during winter, unless 

 eaten by birds. Jn. Varies with the Ivs. somewhat oblong or oval. 



9 C. spathulata MX. Glabrous and glandless ; Ivs. small, coriaceous, shining. 

 oblong-spatidate. attenuated to the subsessik base, crenate above, sometimes lobed ; 

 corymbs numerous, lateral, 20 to 25-flowered : sepals very short ; fr. very small, 

 scarlet. Va, to Fla. and Tex. A handsome shrub 10 to 1 of high, profusely 

 flowering. Lvs. mostly 1' in length, much incMned to vary, those on the barren 

 shoots much larger, becoming rhomboidal and lobod. Fr. 2 to 3" diam. Spines 

 few and small. Fls. sninll, white. Apr.. May. 



10 C. cestivalis Torr. & (Jr. APPLE HAW. Fls. just before the elliptical, repand. 

 .short-petioled Ivs., which, when young, are glandular at edge, and clothed with 



. a rusty tomentum, at length glabrous above ; corymbs glabrous, 2 to 5-flowered ; 



: cal. segm. short, triangular, glandless; fr. quite large (8 to 9' '), globular, red. 

 In the edges of ponds and rivers, S. Car. to Fla. and La, (Hale). Tree much 

 branched, 20 to 30f high. Fr. ripe in May, juicy, pleasant flavored, and much 

 used. Fls. in Feb., Mar. (Mespilus rcstivalis Walt.) 



11 C parviflora Ait. Thorns straight and slender ; Ivs. coriaceous, pubescent, 

 euaeate-obovate, subsessik, crenatc-serrato ; fls. subsolitary , cal. with the pedicett 



