382 ORDER 63. UMBELLIFER^E. 



13. BUPLEITRUM, Tourn. MODESTY. THOROUGH-WAX. (Gr. fiovg, 

 an ox, TrAeupov, a rib ; from the veined leaves of some of the species.) 

 Calyx margin obsolete ; petals somewhat orbicular, entire, with 

 broad, closely inflexed point ; fruit laterally compressed ; carpels 5- 

 ribbed, lateral ones marginal; seed teretely convex; fiattish on the 

 face. Herbaceous or shrubby. Lvs. mostly reduced to entire phylio- 

 dia. Invol. various. Fls. yellow. 



B. rotundifolium L. Lvs. (phyllodia) roundish-ovate, entire, perfoliato ; iavol. 

 0; iuvolucels of 5, ovate, mucronate bracts; fr. with very slender ribs, intervals 

 smooth, mostly without vittae. CD In cultivated grounds and fields, N. Y., Penn., 

 and Ind., rare. St. If or more high, branching. Lvs. 1 to 3' lon^; J as wide, 

 rounded at base, acute at apex, very smooth. Umbels 5 to 9-rayei Jnvolucels 

 longer than the umbellets. Fr. crowned with the wax-like, shining baso of the 

 styles (stylopodium.) Jl., Aug. 



14. ANE'THUM, Tourn. DILL. FENNEL. (Gr. <u0o), to burn ; the 

 plant (its seeds) is very stimulating.) Calyx margin obsolete ; petals 

 involute, with a broad, retuse apex ; fruit ovate or oblong, laterally sub- 

 compressed ; carpels with 5 obtuse ribs, the lateral ones marginal ; in- 

 tervals with single vittse, commissure with 2. Umbels perfect, with no 

 invol. or involucels. Fls. yellow. 



1 A. grav&olens L. DILL. Fr. elliptical, compressed, surrounded by aflat, 

 dilated margin ; Ivs. tn'pinnate, segm. capillary ; umbels on long stalks. Native 

 of S. Europe. The oval, flat, brown seeds are aromatic, pungent, and medio- 

 nal. \ 



2 A. Fceniculum L. FENNEL. Lvs. biternately dissected, segm. linear-subu- 

 late, elongated ; rays of the umbel numerous, unequal, spreading ; carp, turgid, 

 ovate-oblong. Native of England, &c. Cultivated in gardens. .St. 3 to 5f high, 

 terete, branched. Lvs. large and smooth, finely cleft into numerous, very nar- 

 row segments. Jl. The seeds are warmly aromatic. \ (Fceniculum vufeare 

 Gaert.) 



15. THAS'PIUM, Nutt. GOLDEN ALEXANDERS. (From the We of 

 Thaspia, which gave name to the ancient allied genus Thapsia.) Calyx 

 margin 5-toothed ; petals elliptic, with an inflexed point ; fruit ellip- 

 tical, compressed laterally and didymous ; carpels convex, with 5 pro- 

 minent or winged ribs, the lateral margined; intervals witl: single 

 vittae. It Umbels without an invol. Involucels 3-leaved, lateral. Fls. 

 yellow or dark purple. 



Leaves 1 or 2-ternate, the radical often simple Nos. 1, 2 



Leaves thrico teruate; stem often pubescent at the nodes >'os. 8, 4 



1 T. aureum Nutt. Lvs. mostly biternate, Ifts. thin, oval-lanceolate; sha-ply serrate; 

 umbellets with short rays ; fr. oblong oval, 10-winged. Hills and Meadows, U. 

 S. and Can. Sts. 1 to 2f high, branching above, rather slender, erect, hollow, 

 angular-furrowed, smooth. Lower Ivs. on long petioles, the Ifts. w.'th coarse ser- 

 ratures, and sometimes quinate, the very lowest one sometimes simple. Umbels 

 about 2' broad, of 10 to 15 rays, the umbellets dense. Fls. numerous, orange- 

 yellow. Fr. oval, brown. Rt. black, tufted. Jn. 



ft. APTERUM Gray. Fr. with sharp and prominent ribs, not ivinged. (Smyr- 

 nium aureum L. Zizia aureum Koch.) 



2 T. cordatum Nutt. Radical Ivs. simple, cordate, crenate, cauline ones ternate, 

 stalked, segm. acute, serrate; umbels terminal; fr. roundish oval, 6- winged. 

 Shady hills and barrens, U. S. and Can., rare in N. Eng. St. erect, slightly 

 branched, smooth, 2 to 3f high. Rt. Ivs. on long stalks, roundish, heart-shaped, 

 the rest ternate, becoming only 8-parted above, all light green. Umbels dense, 

 with yellow Us. Fr. black, oval, with 3 prominent, paler, winged ridges on each 

 side. May, Jn. (Smyrnium cordatum MX. Zizia cordatum DC.) 



