410 ORDER 70. COMPOSITJE. 



t Leaves alturn'sti'. Pappus none. Achenia terete ANTHEMIS. 69 



t Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia obcompressed ACIHLLEA. 71 



t Leaves opposite. Pappus none EOUPTA. 33 



Pappus of fringed scales Hds. am. Rays 5, sm. white. Eur. GALINSOGA. 



Papp. of the disk a single awn of the ray ZINNIA. 4S 



u Leaves opposite. Kays yellow. Pappus none POLTMNIA. 89 



u Leaves opposite. R.iys yellow. Papp.2or3-toothed..SiLPHiUM 41. CHRTSOOONUM. 40 



u Leaves alternate. Rays whitish, very short, only PAUTIIENIITM. 43 



Rays yellow. Achenia winged SILPIIIUM. 41 



Achenia wingless BERLANDIERA. 42 



V Achenia with erectly hispid awns, or awnless ; never rostrate CORKOPSIS. 5T 



V Achenia with retrorsely hispid awns, often attenuated above 15n>ENS. 58 



X Rays white, spreading. Pappus none MAKUTA. 70 



X Rays purple, pendant. Pales sharp, elongated ECIIINACEA. 51 



x Kays yellow. Pappus none. Achenia quadrangular RCDBECKIA. 52 



Pappus none. Achenia compressed LEPACHIS. 53 



Pappus of2 deciduous awns. Ach. wingless HELIANTIIUS. 54 



Pappus of 2 persistent teeth. Ach. winged HELIANTHELLA. 55 



Papp. of 2 persistent awns. Ach. broad- winged ACTINOMEKIS. 56 



B. SUBORDER, LIGULIFLOR^E. 

 Pappus none, or consisting of little scales, (a) 

 Pappus double (of scales and bristles), or simple and plumous. (b) 

 Pappus composed of capillary bristles, not plumous. (*) 



* Achenia terete or angular, not flattened, (c) 



* Achenia evidently flattened, (d) 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads paniculate LAHPSANA. 93 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads solitary or umbellate APOGON. 99 



a Flowers blue. Pappus of many little scales. Recept. naked , CICUORIUM. 100 



Pappus of 5 scales. Receptacle chaffy CATANANCHE. 106 



b Flowers purple. Feathery pappus on a long filiform beak TRAGOPOGON. 104 



b Flowers yellow. Feathery pappus on a short beak or sessile LEONTODON. 103 



b Flowers yellow. Pappus of many bristles with the scales CYNTHIA. 102 



Pappus of 5 bristles and 5 scales KRIGIA. 101 



C Flowers whitish or purplish, mostly nodding. Stem leafy NABALUS. 107 



C Flowers rose-purple, erect. (Stern almost leafless.) LYGODESMIA. Ill 



C Flowers yellow. Achenia long-beaked. Pappus white TARAXACUM. 109 



Achenia long-beaked. Pappus reddish PYRROPAPPDS.JHO 



Achenia not beaked. Pappus dull white or tawny HIF.RACIUM. 105 



Pappus bright white TROXIMON. 108 



d Achenia contracted into a slender beak. FIs. mostly yellow LACTUCA. 112 



d Achenia scarcely beaked. Flowers mostly blue MULGEDIUM. 118 



Flowers yellow. Papp. silky SONCUUS. 114 



C. SUBORDER, LABIATIFLOR^E. 



*! Head radiate, solitary, nodding in bud. Pappus capillary CHAPTALIA. 115 



SUBORDER I. T U B U L I F L O R^E. 

 TRIBE 1. VERNONIACE^E. 



1. VERNO^NIA, Schrcb. IRON WEED. (Named for William Vernon, 

 an English botanist who traveled in America in search of plants.) 

 Flowers all tubular, perfect ; involucre of ovate, imbricated scales, the 

 inner longest ; receptacle naked ; pappus double, the exterior chaffy, 

 the interior capillary. 2 Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. alternate. FIs. pur- 

 ple (in our species.) 



<S Scales of the involucre all obtuse and closely appressed No. 1 



Scales of the invol. (usually all) with slender, flexuous points Nos. 2, S 



with acute or mucronate points ... Nos. 4, 5, C 



