ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 413 



scales herbaceous, glabrous, oblong and obtuse. Sand hills about Wilmington, N. 

 Car. Sts. numerous and much branched, 8 to 12' high. Scales leafy, green, 

 pappus rather plumous than barbellate. Sept. (L. bellidifoha MX.) 

 4 C. corymbosus Torn & Gr. St. single, stout, erect, hairy ; Ivs. nearly smooth, 

 oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to tho base, the upper small, oblong, sessile ; hds. 

 about 20, 20-flowered, in a dense corymbous cyme; scales smooth, oblong-oval, 

 very obtuse, with a broad, scarious marjin. Swamp margins, N. Car. to Fla. 

 St. about 3f high. Fls. pale purple. Sept., Oct. (L. corymbosa Nutt.) 



7. LIATRIS, L. (Gr. /U, an emphatic prefix, arpwf, invulnerable; 

 used as a vulnerary.) Heads few to many (5 to 60)-flowcred ; flowers 

 all , tubular ; involucre oblong, imbricate ; receptacle naked ; pappus 

 of oo capillary bristles, mostly plumous; achenia tapering to the slen- 

 der base, 10-striate; styles much exserted. 2 Herbs with simple, erect 

 stems, alternate, entire Ivs., and handsome rose-purple fls. in spicate, 

 racetned, or paniculate hds., blooming from Aug. to Nov. 



Heads in a corymb or thyrse-liko panicle. Root fibrous Nos. 1, 2 



Heads in a spike or a simple racome. lioot a roundish tuber (a). 



a Scales of the involucre colored and petaloid at their lengthened ends No. 8 



a Scales not petaloid, green or slightly tin-ed at the end (b). 



b Pappus evidently plumous. Corollas (13 to GO) hairy within Nos. 4,3 



b Pappus evidently phunous. Corollas (3 to 5) smooth within Nos. 6, 7 



b Pappus only barbellate (smooth to the naked eye) (c). 



C Heads 3 to "-flowered, in one-sided spikes or racemes Nos. 8, 9 



in a resular spike, raceme (or panicle) Nos. 10, 11 



C Heads 20 to 40-flowered, roundish, with rounded scales No. 12 



C Heads 7 to 15-Howered. Scak-s all similar, obtuse Nos. 13, 14 



Scales all, or tho inner only acute Nos. 15, 10 



1 L. odoratissima Willd. VANILLA-PLANT. DEER'S-TONGUE. Glabrous; rt- 

 Ivs. obovate-spatulate, obtuse, 5 to 7-veined, tapering to tho base, cauliuo oblong, 

 clasping; hds. about 8-flowered, in many cymes, constituting a large, loosa 

 corymb; scales all obtuse; fr. smoothish. Pine barrens (Va. ?) to Fla. and La., 

 abundant. Sts. 1 to 3f high. Corymbs leafless. Fls. bright purple. Sept., Oct 

 The fleshy leaves exhale a rich fragrance (compared to Vanilla) even for years 

 after they are dry, and are therefore by the southern planters largely mixed with 

 their cured tobacco, to impart its fragrance to that nauseous weed. 



2 L. paniculata Willd. St. simple, virgate, viscid-tomentous ; rt.-lvs. spatulate- 

 lanceolate, acute, tapering to a petiole, cauline small, appresserl, lanceolate-acu- 

 minate ; hds. about 5-flowered, in an oblong, dsnse, thyrsoid panicle. Damp pine 

 barrens, Ga., Fla. St. 2 to 3f high. Scales few, all obtuse. Fls. pale purple or 

 white. Sept., Oct. 



3 L. elegans Willd. Villous-canescent above ; Ivs. glabrous, the radical oblan- 

 ceolate, 3 to 5-veined, cauline linear, the upper bract-like, spreading ; spike or 

 raceme dense ; hds. oblong-cylindrical, 4 to 5-flowered ; scales lance-linear, pro- 

 longed into a colored, petaloid appendage longer than the flowers ; pappus evi- 

 dently plumous. A remarkable species, in pine barrens, Va. to Fla. and Tex, 

 St. 3 or 4f high, ending in a spike 6 to 16' long. The purple appendaged scales 

 more showy than tho florets. Aug., Sept. 



4 L. squarrosa Willd. BLAZING STAR. Smooth or scabrous-pubescent; Ivs. 

 linear, lower ones attenuated at base ; rac. flexuous, leafy ; hds. few, 20 to 40- 

 flowered, sessile or nearly so; invol. ovate-cylindric ; scales large, squarrous- 

 spreading, outer larger, leafy, inner mucronate-acuminate, scarcely colored; fls. 

 numerous; pappus plumous. A splendid plant, native N. Y. (Eaton) Penn, to 

 Fla. and W. States. Sts. 2 to 3f high, thickly beset with long, linear leaves. 

 Hds. 5 to 20, with large, brilliant purple florets. Aug. f It varies with the 

 heads only 12 to 15-flowered (Georgia, Feay), smooth or hairy, &c. 



5 L. cylindracea MX. St. low, slender, and very leafy, smooth and somewhat 

 hirsute, Ivs. rigid, linear, mostly 1 -veined; hds. few, sessile or pedicellate, cylin- 

 drical, 15 to 20-flowered; scales short, ciliate, close, rounded or obtuse, and abmtptty 

 mucronate at apex ; pappus plumous. Prairies and barrens, Mich, to Iowa (Cou- 

 eeiis) and Mo. St. 6 to 18' high. Lvs. 2 to 5' by 2 to 4". Heads 1' long, 



