402 OUDKR 70. COMPOSITE. 



81. XERANTHEMUM, (Gr. typo?, dry, av$o<; ; on account of its dry, 

 imperishable flowers.) lleads discoid ; involucre hemispherical, with 

 radiant', colored, opaque, scarious scales ; receptacle paleaceous ; pappus 

 paleo-setaceotis. <X> Native of S. Europe. 



X. annuum Willd. ETERNAL FLOWER. St. erect, branched ; IVB. oblong- 

 lanceolate, obtusish, alternate, entire; hds. large, terminal, solitary; scales of 

 the involucre obtuse, scarious, inner ones of the ray spreading, lanceolate, obtuse. 

 A singular plant, half hardy, of easy culture. Stem 2 3f high. The radi- 

 ant involucre scales are of a rich purple, but there are varieties with red, 

 white, blue and yellow scales. The flowers retain their beauty for years. 



82. HELICHRY'SUM. (Gr. golden sun) is another genus of fadeless 

 flowers, of which several species are occasionally cultivated. The 

 spreading, scales are of various colors. II. bracteosum is the finest 

 species, having yellow scales, heads on lono; stalks and lanceolate 

 loaves. 



83. ERECH'TITES, Raf. FIRE-WEED. (Gr. epe^flw, to trouble ; the 

 species are troublesome weeds.) Flowers all tubular, those of the mar- 

 gin pistillate, of the disk perfect; involucre cylindrical, simple, slightly 

 -.alyculate; receptacle naked; pappus of numerous, fine, capillary 

 bristles. (J) Lvs. simple, alternate. Fls. corymbous, whitish. 



E. hieracifolius Raf. St. paniculate, virgate; Ivs. oblong, amplexicaul, acute, 

 unequally and deeply toothed with acute indentures ; invol. smooth ; ach. hairy. 

 A rank weed, growing in fields (Can. and TJ. S.), particularly in such as have 

 been newly cleared and burnt over. St. thick and fleshy, branching, 3f high, 

 I'oughish. Lvs. of a light green, large, irregularly cut into many deep and acute 

 teeth. Fls. terminal, crowded, destitute of rays, white. Invol. large and tumid 

 at base. Aug., Sept. (Senicio hieracifolius L.) 



84. CACA'LIA, L. WILD CARAWAY. TASSEL FLOWER. (An an- 

 cient Gr. name of an uncertain plant.) Flowers all tubular, ' in- 

 volucre cylindric, oblong, often calyculate with small scales at the base; 

 receptacle not chaffy; pappus capillary, scabrous. Mostly 71. Smooth. 

 Lvs. alternate. lids, of 11s. corymbed, mostly cyanic. 



S Scales of tho involucre united, .ibout 12. Flowers 60 to 80, scarlet No. 8 



S Sonlosof thuin volticro distinct, about 12, Flowers 20 to 80, white No. 1 



5 only. Flowers 5. Leaves cordate or lobed. . .Nos. 2 4 

 Leaves never cordate Nos. 6 T 



1 C. suavooleiis L. Glabrous ; st. striate-angular ; Ivs. petiolato, hastate-sagit- 

 tate, serrate, smooth, green on both sides ; fls. corymbed, erect ; invol. many- 

 flowered. U Western N. Y. to Conn. (Robbins), to Ga. and 111. Stems 4 5f 

 high, striate, leafy. Radical leaves on long stalks, pointed ; cauline ones on 

 winged stalks. P'lowers whitish, in a terminal, compound corymb. Scales and 

 peduncles smooth, with setaceous bracts beneath the involucre, and beneath the 

 divisions of the peduncles. Aug. 



2 C. reniformis Muhl. St. sukaie-angled ; Ivs. palmately veined, nearly smooth, 

 green both sides, petiolate, lower ones reniform, upper flabelliform ; corymb com- 

 pound, fastigiate ; hds. 5 -flowered. Woods, Ind., 111., Penn., S. to Car. SL 3 to 

 Gf high, nearly simple, glabrous. Lvs. 3 to 12' by 5 to 18', repand-dentate, lower 

 petioles very long. Scales of involucre 5, obtuse, whitish. Jl. 



3 C. atriplicifolia L. St. terete; Ivs. petiolate, smooth, glaucous beneath, palm- 

 ate-veined, angularly lobed and dentate, tho lower subcordate; ns. corymbed, 

 erect; invol. 5 -flowered. K Y. to Ga. and 111. St. 3 to 5f high, leafy. Lva. 

 alternate, the lower ones as largo as the hand, with large, unequal teeth or lobes. 

 Hds. small, ovoid-cylindrie, whitish, loosely corymbous at the top of the branches, 

 Jl. Sept. 



