480 OHDEB 73. ERICACEAE. 



regular, 4 to 5-clefb, the petals rarely distinct Stamens as many or twice as many 

 as the petals, free, bypogynous. Anthers 2-celled, generally open by pores, often 

 appendaged. Pollen (except in Monotropeae) compounded of 4 united grains. Em- 

 bryo straight, lying in the axis of, or in the end of fleshy albumen. Illust. in figs 

 38, 45, 110, 203, 320, 345, 350, 355. 



Genera C6, species 1086, dispersed throughout all countries, but comparatively rare in the 

 torrid zone. The trueEricaccib (Heaths), are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Ilope, there 

 being none in Asia, New Holland, and but one or two in America. The Tribe Vaccinea; are 

 chiefly natives of N. America. 



Properties. "The Heathworts arc, in general, astringent and diuretic. Some of them yield a 

 stimulating and aromatic resinous matter. The Bearberry, (Arctostaphylos U va-ursi) is a well 

 known remedy in nephritic complaints. An infusion of the leaves is astringent, demulcent 

 and diuretic. Similar properties arc also possessed by the Pipsissiwa (Chimaphlia umbellata). 

 The species of Rhododendron and Kalinia are pervaded by a narcotic principle, rendering them 

 (particularly their leaves) often actively poisonous. The honey collected from their flowers by 

 the bees appears so have been so to some of the soldiers in the "retreat of th immortal ten thou- 

 sand (Xenophon's Anabasis). The berries of the Vaccineie (Whortleberries, Blueberries and 

 Cranberries.) and of Gaultheria procumbens (spicy Wintergreen) are esculent and wholesome. 



The true position of our suborders Cyrilleaj and Galacinie is not known. "We follow De Can- 

 <lolle in appending them to Ericaceae rather from convenience, as their habit certainly points to 

 this order. 



SUBORDERS AND GENERA. 

 JL VACCINES. Shrubs. Calyx adherent. Fruit a berry crowned by the calyx teeth. (*) 



* Erect shrubs with 5-parted flowers and 10-sceded fruit GATLUSSACIA. 1 



* Erect shrubs with 5-parted flowers and co-seeded fruit. No resinous dots..VACCiNiUM. 2 



* Trailing shrubs. Corolla deeply 4-cleft, rcflexed. Fruit red OXYCOCCCS. 3 



spreading. Fruit white CIIIOGENES. 4 



Jl. ERICINE^E. Shrubs or trees. Calyx free. Corolla and stamens hypogynous. Sds. oo. (a) 



a Flowers 4-parted, stamens 8. Capsule 4-celled, loculicidal EKICA. 5 



sopticidal. (b). (No. 13.) 



a Flowers 5-parted, petals distinct or very nearly polypetalous. (f) 

 a Flowers 5-parted, petals united, monopetalous. (b) 



b Corolla saucer-form, holding the anthers in 10 pits KALMIA. 6 



b Corolla salvcr-forni, very fragrant. Trailing shrublet EPIG.*A. 7 



b Corolla funnel- or bell-form, with spreading lobes, (e) 



b Corolla urccolate (ovoid, cylindric or globular), lobes small, (c) 



C Fruit fleshy, the matured ovary 5-seeded ARCTOSTAPHYI-OS. 8 



C Fruit fleshy, the matured calyx oo-seedod GAULTUERIA. 9 



C Fruit dry, capsular, opening into the cells (loculicidal). (d) 



d Shrublet moss-like, with linear leaves. Valves 2-cleft CASSIOPK. 10 



d Shrubs with ample leaves. Valves entire ANDROMEDA. 11 



d Tree with ample leaves and slender racemes OXYDENDRUM. 12 



C Fruit dry, capsular, opening between tho cells MENZIESIA. 18 



6 Stamens 5, included. Plant and leaves very small LOISELEUBIA. 14 



e Stamens 5 (rarely more), long-exserted. Corolla funnel-form AZALEA. 15 



e Stamens 10 (rarely fewer), exserted. Corolla bell-form RHODODENDRON. 16 



f Corolla very irregular, open before tho leaves appear RIIODORA. 17 



f Corolla regular, 7-petaled. Stamens 14 BEFABIA. 18 



5-petaled. Capsulo 5-celled LEDUM. 19 



Capsule 3-celled. Fls. umbeled LEIOPIIYLLUM. 20 



Fls. racemed CLETHRA. 21 



III. CYRlLLEjE. Shrubs. Cal. free. Pet. and stam. hypogynous. Cells of caps 1 -seeded, (g) 



g Flowers 4-parted, with 8 stamens and a 2-celled capsule ELLIOTTII. 22 



g Flowers 5-parted, with 5 stamens and a 2-celled capsule CTRILLA. 23 



with 10 stamens. Capsule 8-cclled, 2-winged MYLOCARIUM. 24 



IV. PTROLE^E. Herbs evergreen, woody. Cal. free. Pet. 5, distinct. Testa of sd. loose, (h) 



h Flowers racemed, many. Herbs nearly acaulescent PYROLA. 25 



h Flowers solitary (ono only) Herb low, acaulescent MOSESES. 26 



h Flowers umbeUd, few. Stems ascending. Style very short CIIIMAPHILA. 27 



V? GALACINE^. Herb everyreen, aucanlescent Filaments 10, monadelphous, 



alternately sterile ; anthers 5, one-celled. Capsule 3-celled, oo -seeded GALAX 28 



VI. MONOTROPE.E. Herbs leaflet*, verdureles*, with scale-like bracts, (k) 



k Corolla polypetalous. Plant white, reddish or tawny MONOTROPA. 29 



k Corolla monopetalous, campanulate, in a short spike SCHWEINITZIA. 30 



ovoid, i n a loose raceme PTBSOSPORA. 31 



