514 ORDER 85. LOGANIACE^E. 



OEDER LXXXIV. PEDALIACE^E. PEDALIADS. 



Herbs mostly strong-scented and glandular-hirsute. Stipules 0. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary, large, raonopetalous, didynamous, 5-merous, irregular. Ovary 1 to 2-celled, 

 of 2 carpels. Style 1. Stigma divided. Fruit becoming 4 or 6-celled by the diverg- 

 ing lobes of the 2 placentae. Seeds few or many, large, wingless. 



Genera 14, specie* 25, natives of tropical America, etc. Some of them havo been introduced 

 into the United States. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



I. PEDALINE^E. Frnit drupe-like, fleshy without, produced into a be.ik MARTYNIA. 1 



II. SESAME^E. Fruit capsular, dry, dehiscent, never beaked .SKSAMUM. 2 



1. MARTYN'IA, L. UNICORN PLANT. (In honor of John Martyn, 

 botanical author and professor, Cambridge, Eng., 1760.) Calyx 5-cleft, 

 2 to 3-bracteolatc at base ; cor. campanulate, tube gibbous at base, limb 

 5-lobed, unequal ; sta. 5, one rudimentary and sterile, 4 didynamous ; 

 caps, coriaceous, ligneous, 4-celled, 2-valved, each valve terminating in 

 a long, hooked beak. (J) Chiefly southern, branching, viscid-pilous. 

 Lvs. opposite, petiolate, subcordate, roundish. 



1 M. proboscidea Glox. Branches mostly decumbent ; Ivs. cordate, entire, sub- 

 orbicular, villous, upper ones alternate ; fls. on long, axillary peduncles ; beaks 

 much longer than the capsule. A. coarse, strong-scented plant, along rivers, fields, 

 .etc., S. and W. States. Stem 1 2f long. Leaves paler beneath. Corolla pale, 

 dull yellow, very large, the limb nearly as broad as the leaves, spotted with 

 brownish-purple. Sta. bright yellow, exserted. The curious pods are furnished 

 with an incurved horn (2 when the valves separate) abruptly bent at the end into 

 a very sharp grappling hook. 



2 M. ICitea Lindl. "With yellow fls. and horns longer than the pod, is some- 

 times cultivated, also M. diandra, with pink fls. spotted with purple, and horns 

 shorter than the pod. 



2. SES'AMUM, L. OIL-SEED. Calyx 5-partcd ; corolla campanu- 

 late, 3-cleft, the lower lobes the longest ; stamens 4, didynamous ; 

 etigma lanceolate ; capsule 2-celled, the cells divided by the inflexed 

 edges of the valves. (D Of India. Lvs. petiolate, the lower opposite, 

 upper alternate. 



S. Indicum DC. Lvs. lanceolate-ovate, lower ones 3-lobcd, xipper ones un- 

 divided serrate. Native of E. India. Stem erect, about 18' high. Leaves alter- 

 nate, entire. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Corolla pale purple. The seeds 

 yield an excellent oil which will keep several years without injury. It is used 

 in cookery for all the purposes of sweet oil. Five pounds of tlio seeds yield 

 about ono pound of oil. The leaves are emollient 



ORDER LXXXY. LOGANIACE^E. 



Herbs or shrubs with opposite leaves, with stipules between tho petioles, some- 

 times reduced to an elevated line or ridge. Flowers 4 or 5-parted, inonopetalous, 

 regular, aestivation various. Ovary superior, style simple, stigmas as many as tho 

 cells of the ovary. Fruit capsular or baccate, 2-cellcd, many-seeded, or a 1 to 2- 

 eeeded drupe. Seeds albuminous, mostly winged or peltate. (Fig. 221, 302.) 



Genera 25, species 200, chiefly tropical. 



Properties. Generally poisonous, often possessed of the highest decree of venom. Tho 

 pervading poisonous principle is titi-ychnin, especially abundant and fatal in the seeds of Stryeh- 

 nos Ntix-voinicji. an East Indian tree, with small, greenish flowers. S. toxifera, of Guiana fur- 

 nishes tho terrible Wooi-ali, poison for arrows, likewise S. cogens of Central Americn, S. Ticute 

 of Java, yields the celebrated Upas. The species of Spigelia, under the name of Pink-root, arc 

 used as a vermifuge, but are dangerous. 



Obx. This order has been appended to Rubiacese, but its free ovary is a decisive mark of dis- 

 tinction, although otherwise nearly related. 



