ORDER 99. OLEACE^E. 



59V 



much cultivated The deliriously fragrant oil of Jasmine of the shops is extracted 

 from this plant. \ Asia. 



ORDER XCIX. OLEACE^E. OLIVES. 



"frees and shrubs with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate-leaves, with /lowers 4- 

 parted, regular, rarely apetalous, the corolla valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 to 4, 

 mostly 2, and fewer than the corolla lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 suspended ovules 

 in each cell, and fruit fleshy or capsular, seeds 4 (or fewer by abortion), with abun- 

 dant albumen. Fig. 265. 



Genera 24, species 130,natives of temperate climates. The ash is very abundant in N Amer- 

 ica. The Phillyreas and the Syriiigas are all Orient!!. 



Properties. Olive oil is expressed from the pericarp of the Olive (Olea Europsea). The bark 

 of this tree, and also of the ash, is bitter, astringent, and febrifugal. Manna, a sweet, gentle 

 purgative, is the concrete discharge of several species of the Fraxinus, particularly of the Euro- 

 pean F. Onus. Tho species of the ash are well known for their useful timber. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



I. FRAXINEjE. Fruit a dry, winged samara. Leaves pinnate FRAXINCS. I 



II. SYUINGEvE. Fruit a dry, 2-eelled capsule. Leaves mostly simple (a). 



a Calyx persistent ; corolla salver-form cyanic SYKINGA. 2 



a Calyx deciduous ; corolla subcatnpanulate, yellow FORSYTHIA. 8 



III. OLEINE^E. Fruit a fleshy drupe or berry. Corolla present. Leaves simple (b). 



b Corolla lobes long, linear, pendulous, stamens included CIIIOXANTHUS. 4 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens included. Fruit a berry LIGUSTRUM. '5 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens exserted (c). 



C Style 2-parted. Leaves serrate OSMANTIIUS. C 



C Style simple. Drupe shell bony. (Panicles axillary) OLEA. 7 



Drupe shell papery. Panicles terminal YISIANIA. 8 



IV. FORESTIEREJE. Fruit a fleshy drupe. Corolla none. Leaves simple.. .FORESTIERA. 



I. FRAX'INUS, Tourn. (Gr. 0ap^, a -separation; from the facility 

 with which the wood splits.) Polygamous or dioecious; calyx 4-toothed, 

 rarely obsolete ; petals 2 or 4, coherent at base, oblong or linear, or al- 

 together wanting ; stamens 2 ; stigma bifid ; samara 2-celled, flattened, 

 winged at apex, cells 2-ovuled, but 1-seedcd ; seeds pendulous, com- 

 pressed. Trees or shrubs, with opposite, odd-pinnate Ivs. and fls. ra- 

 cemed or panicled. American species arc all dicecious and apetalous 

 trees. 



Flowers with a corolla of 4 or 2 white, linear-oblong petals. Cultivated No. 8 



Flowers apetalous, polygamous. Leaflets 11 to 13. Cultivated No. 7 



Flowers apetalous, dioecious. Fruit always winged at apex (*). 



* Calyx persistent at the terete base of the samara No. 1 



* Calyx persistent at the narroiv, flattened baxe of the samara Nos. 'i 4 



* Calyx none, the samara naked at the I road base Nos. 5, 6 



1 F. Americana L. WHITE ASII. Lfts. 7 to 9, petiolulatc, ovate or lance-ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire or obscurely subserrate, shining above, glaucous beneath ; 

 petioles and branchlets terete, smooth; buds yellowish-velvety; panicles com- 

 pound, axillary, loose ; samara linear-oblong, obtuse, narrower and terete at tho 

 calyculate base, seed portion half as long as wing. Woods, Can. to Ga. and La. 

 A forest tree, 40 to SOf high; trunk 2 to 3f diam. Lvs. If long, usually of 1 

 smooth Ifts., which are 3 to 4' by 18'' to 2'. Fruit 13 to 15" by 2 to 2''. Apr., 

 May. (F. acuminata Lam. F. cpiptera MX.) Timber light, tough and strong, 

 much used by carriage-makers, <fcc. 



2 F. pubescens Walt. RED ASII. Lfts. 1 to 9, petiolulate, ovate-lanceolate or 

 elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, subserrate, veins beneath, petioles and young brandies 

 velvety-pubescent; samara narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, the calyculate base acute, 

 flattish, slightly margined by the decurreut wing. Swampy or low grounds, Can. 

 and U. S., more common in Pcnn. and Ya. A smaller tree than No. 1, 30 

 to GOf high, but nearly allied to it. Bark deep brown. Lfts. often reddish 



