ORDER 118. JUGLANDACE^E. 641 



3-parted; stamens 4 6; anthers hairy. ? Calyx 4-cleft, superior; 

 corolla ; style ; stigma divided, 2-lobed, the lobes bifid ; cpicarp 

 4-valved ; nucleus subquadrangular, even. Large trees, with hard and 

 strong timber. Lfts. few. Both kinds of fls., and the Ivs. from the 

 same bud, the ? terminal. Pith continuous. 



Leaflets 13, to 15, scythe-shaped. Not oblons, thin-shelled, very sweet N<\ 1 



Lecflets 7 to 11. Nut with .1 tender shell and very bitter kernel Nos. 2, :i 



Leaflets 5 to 9. Nut roundish, hard-shelled, sweet and eatable. (*) 



* Valves of tho epicarp distinct to the base. Bark with loose plates Nos. 4,5 



, * Valves of the cpicarp united below. Bark continuous, firm Nos. 6 s 



1 C. olivaeformis Nutt. PECAN-NUT (PE-CAWN). Lf. with a slender petiole 

 and 13 or 15 lanceolate-falcate Ifts., all acuminate, sharply serrate and short pet- 

 iolulate, fr. oblong, 4-angled. valves distinct ; nut (olive-shaped) oblong, with a 

 thin shell and delicious kernel. Low, inundated river banks, Ind. (Wabash), III. 

 to La. At Terro Haute are specimens 80 to 90f high, with a rough, shaggy bark, 

 the smaller with bark slightly broken. Lfts. seldom less than 13, often 15, 5 or 

 6' long, by 1 to 2', decidedly falcate, nearly smooth. The kernel fills the shell, 

 and not being divided by bony partitions, is easily extracted. Its rich flavor is 

 well known. Mar. May. 



2 C. amara Nutt BITTERNUT. Lfls. about 9, ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply 

 serrate, smooth both sides except the pubescent veins and midvein, odd one sub- 

 sessile, the rest sessile ; fr. subglobous, with the sutures prominent above, valves 

 half untied; nut white, very thin-shelled, smooth, subglobous; kernel bitter. 

 Grows in most of tho U. S., but attains its greatest size in Pern, and along tho 

 Ohio valley. Winter bud orange yellow. Tho nut may be broken by the fingers 

 and contains a kernel so bitter that animals will scarcely touch it. May. 



3 C. aquatica Nutt. WATER BITTEHNUT. Lfls. about 11, lanceolate, oblique, 

 acuminate, subenlirc, sessile, tho odd one petiolulate, fruit pedunculate, ovate, sutures 



Erominent; nut small, angular, compressed, with a very tender, reddish shell and 

 ittcr kernel. Southern States, in swamps and rice-field ditches. Tree 30 to 40f 

 high. Lfls. slightly inequilateral, of a shining rich green both sides, resembling 

 the peach leaf. Fruit wholly unpalatable, and timber of little value. Apr. 



4 C. alba Nutt. SHAGBARK. Lf. long-petioled, of 5 Ifts., tho 3 upper oblanceo- 

 late, the 2 lower much smaller, oblong-lanceolate, the terminal petiolulate, lateral 

 sessile, all subacuminate, sharply serrulate, downy beneath ; fr. depressed-globular; 

 valves distinct; nut roundish, compressed, subquadrangular, with a thin shell and 

 large, sweet kernel. Native from Me. to Wis., S. to Ga. In forests it is very 

 tall, straight and slender, with a rough, shaggy bark consisting externally of long 

 broad plates loosely hanging. Lfts. uniformly 5, the 2 lower deflexed, odd ono 

 tapering to a stalk 5 to 8" long. Aments 3 on each stalk, long, slender, pendu- 

 lous. Fertile fls. 2 or 3 together, sessile, terminal. Wood straight-grained, very 

 fertile, heavy, elastic, excellent as timber or fuel, while the fruit is of the richest 

 flavor. Apr., May. 



5 C. sulcata Nutt. TIIICK-SHELLBARK. Lfts. 7 or 9, oblanceolate, acuminate, 

 sharply serrate, the odd one subsessile, attenuate to the, base ; fr. large, oval, subquad- 

 rangular, 4-furrowed, valves opening to the base ; nut longer than broad, pointed 

 at each end, with a very thick shell and rich-flavored kernel. Penn. to Ga., rare, 

 but common, W. of the Alleghanies. Tree 40 to 80f high, with a shaggy bark 

 in loose narrow plates. Lfts. often 9, tho lower pair smaller, odd ono generally 

 sessile, a good mark of distinction. Nut usually twice larger than in C. alba, 

 and scarcely less delicious. Mar. May. 



6 C. tomentosa Nutt, MOCKERNUT. Leaf of 7 or 9 Ifts., odd 1ft. petiolulato, 

 the lateral sessile, all oblong-lanceolate, obscurely serrate or entire, rough-downy 

 beneath as well as the thick petiole; amenls very slender, hairy; fr. globular or 

 euboval, valves united at base ; nut subhexagonal, with a very thick shell and 

 well-flavored kernel. Native throughout the country but more abundant West 

 and South. A largo tree 40 to 60f high in woods. Bark thick and rugged, but 

 not scaly. Winter bud large, hard, grayish white. Lvs. strongly resinous-scented. 

 Fruit varying in size, from 1' to 2' diam., with a very thick husk, rounded shell, 



41 



