ORDER 119. CUPULIFER^E. 643 



5 Leaves mostly entire, the ends subequ.il, the petioles very short. Fruit . (*) 



* Peduncle longer than the oblong acorn. Leaves evergreen No. 1 



* Peduncle shorter than the acorn. Leaves downy beneath Nos. 2, 3 



Lea %-es smooth both sides Nos. 4, 5 



8 Leaves 3-lobed and dilated above, short-petioled, awnlesH when mature. Fr. @. .Noa. 6, T 

 Leaves 3 to 9-Iobed or pinnatifld, broad, lobes xetaceously nwned. Fruit (.*) 



* Leaves at base cuneate, short-petioled, or 5-lobed. Shrubs or small trees.. ..Nos. 810 



* Leaves at base abrupt or truncate, mostly long-petioled, 7 to 9-lobed. (a) 



a Nut one-third immersed in the saucer-shaped, fine-scaled cup Nos. 11, 1J 



a Nut near halt' immersed, in the hemispherical, coarse-scaled cup. (b) 



b Leaves cineroiis-downy beneath, acorn also downy No. 1 '. 



b Leaves (except when young) glabrous both sides Nos. 34 If! 



Leaves 5 to 9-lobed. divisions obtuse, never bristle-awncd. Fruit , sessile. . . .Nos. IT 19 

 5 Leaves 13 to So-toothed, downy beneath, teeth awnless. Acorn sweet, eatable, (c) 



C Acorns large '(!' long) pedunculate Nos. 20, 21 



O Acorns small (8" long) nearly sessile Nos. 22, 23 



1 Q. virens Ait. LIVE OAK. Lvs. coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, downy 

 and paler beneath; cup turbinate; nut oblong-obovoid, on a slender peduncle. 



- In the maritime or low districts of the S. States. Tree 40 to 50, rarely 7 Of high, 

 of slow growth. Branches widely spreading. Bark blackish and thick. Wood 

 very heavy, close-grained, yellowish. Lvs. 18'' to 3' long, short petioled, the old 

 ones cinerous-green, revolute-edged. Peduncle about 1' long, acorn 9" by 6", 

 maturing the second year. May. The timber is in great demand for ship build- 

 ing and is fast disappearing. 



2 Q. cinera Ph. UPLAND "WILLOW OAK. Lvs. coriaceous, tardily deciduous, 

 lanceolate-oblong, entire, apex aeutish, mucronate, margin revolute, white-downy 

 beneath, attenuate at base ; cup subsessile, saucer-shaped, nut subglobous. Sandy or 

 pine barrens, Va. to Fla. A shrub or small tree, 4 to 20f high, trunk not exceed- 

 ing 4 to 6' diam. Lvs. partly persistent, 1' to 30" long, resembling those of the 

 live oak, but mucronate, and on the shrubby stocks often toothed. May. 



/3. SERICEA. Dwarf; Ivs. silky; tomentoua beneath, 1 to 3' long, deciduous. 

 South, in pine barrens. (Q. sericea Ait. Q. pumila MX.) 



3 Q. Imbricaria MX. LAUREL OAK. SHINGLE OAK. (Fig. 138.) Lvs. decid- 

 uous, lance-oblong, acute at each end, briefly petiolate, very entire, shining-glab- 

 rous above, subpubescent beneath (but not hoary), mucronate at apex; acorn sub- 

 globous, in a shallow cup ; scales of the cup broad-ovate. A beautiful tree, very 

 abundant in the \V. States, also common along rivers, Penn. to Ga. Trunk 40 

 50f high, 1 2f diam., with a smooth unbroken bark, and a large head of coarse, 

 irregular branches. The leaves are dark green, thick and firm in texture, 3 5' 

 by 1 1^', forming a dense, heavy foliage. June. The timber makes miserable 

 shingles. In Indiana it is called Jack-Oak. 



4 Q. Phellos L. WILLOW OAK. Lvs. deciduous, linear-lanceolate, tapering to 

 each end, very entire, glabrous, mucronate at apex ; acorn subglobous, in a shallow 

 cup. A tree 30 to GOf high, borders of swamps, N. J. to Fla. and W. States. 

 Trunk straight, 10 to 20' diam., covered with a smooth, thick bark. The leaves 

 which bear considerable resemblanco to those of the willow, are of a light green 

 color, dentate when young, 3 to 5' in length. Acorns 6" diam. May. The 

 timber is of little value. 



/3. MARITIMA. Low, shrubby ; Ivs. evergreen. Sea coast, Ya. to Fla. A few 

 feet high. 



5 Q. laurifolia MX. SWAMP LAUREL OAK. Lvs. oblanceolate or lance-obovate, 

 acute, mucronate, entire, or some of them with 2 lateral teeth above, glabrous both 

 sides, base abruptly ending in a very short petiole ; cup saucer-shaped, nut de- 

 pressed-ovoid. Damp woods, and often planted for shade, S. Car. to Fla. A tree 

 with handsome, dense foliage, partly evergreen, 30 to 50f high. Bark blackish, 

 rough. Lvs. 2 to 3' long, coriaceous, green both sides, shining above, often ap- 

 pearing tricuspidate. Ped. H" long. Acorn as broad as long, cup 6'' across. 

 May. 



/3. OBTUSA. Lvs. obtuse, not mucronate, sessile. Ga. (Pond). Fruit the same. 



6 Q. aquatica MX. WATER OAK. Lvs. wedge-obovate, entire, or mostly dilated 

 and obscurely 3-lobed above, not mucronate, glabrous both sides, gradually attenu- 

 ated to a very short petiole ; cup subsessile, very shallow, nut globular. Swampa, 

 Md. to Fla., also planted for shade. It 13 a handsome, round-headed tree, with 



