040 ORDER 119. CUPULIFERJ3. 



It is a lofty tree, arising to the height of 50f} with its Undivided, .straight and uni- 

 form trunk, and thence with its expansive top to the height of 80 to 90f. Acorns 

 large and sweet. Fed. 3 to G'' long, acorn 12 to 13". The Umber valuable. (Q. 

 prinus palustris MX.) 



/3. MONTICOLA. ROCK CHESTNUT OAK. Lvs. glaucous beneath ; nut oblong* 

 ovate, about a third covered by the cup. In mountain woods. 



21 Q. bf color Willd. SWAMP WHITE OAK. Lvs. oblong-ovate, downy, white 

 underneath, with large, irregular teeth above, somewhat sinuate-labed in (he middle, 

 subentire below, on very short petioles ; acofns on long peduncles, in pairs, cup 

 hemispherical, with pointed scales, nut oblong-ovoid. In low, swampy woods, 

 tj. S. It is a beautiful tree, attaining, in favorable situations, the height of 70C 

 Foliage ricli and luxuriant ; Ivs. smooth and green above, White-downy beneath, 

 6 to 7' by 2J to 4'. Fed. 1 to 2' long, The trunk bark grayish-white, dividing 

 into Inrg^, flat scales, It affords excellent fuel and timber, (Q. prinus dis- 

 color MX.) 



22 Q. castanea Muhl. CHESTNUT OAK, Lvs. long*petioled, lance-oval or lance- 

 cbovate, acuminate downy and glaucous'lioary beneath, witli coarse, subequal, 

 acute a.'id submiKfonate teeth ; acorn nearly sessile, cup hemispherical, covering 

 about a third of the roundish-ovoid, light brown nut. Mid., S. and W. States, in 

 rocky or sandy soils. A Iarg3 tree. 40 to GOf high, with a whitish, furrowed 

 bark. Lvs. 4 to 6' long, more nearly resembling the chestnut leaf than any other 

 oak. Acorns about 9" long, sweet-flavored. Used for rails and shingle?. 



23 Q. ptinoidea Willd, DWARF* CHESTNUT OAK. Shrub with Ivs. on short 

 petioles, obovate, acute at the base, glaucous beneath, with large, subequal, s-in- 

 uate tenth, callous at the tip; cup hemispherical, acorn ovate. This is one of the 

 most diminutive of all the oaks, never exceeding 3 to 4f in height, It is a native 

 of tlin N. and Mid. States, in barren woods, but not common. The Mowers np- 

 pear in May, followed by acorns of middle size, very sweet and very abundant. 



2. CASTA^NEA, Tourn. CHESTNUT. (Castanea was a city in Thc^- 

 saly, famed for the growth of chestnuts.) <5 Flowers clustered in long-, 

 slender, cylindric aments ; calyx 5 to Departed; stamens 5 to 13. 5 

 Flowers in 3s, inclosed in a 4-lobed involucre, which in fruit becomes 

 coriaceous and beset with prickles ; calyx 5 to G-lobed, tube adherent 

 to the 3 to b'-celled, 3 to G-ovuled ovary ; stamens 5 to 12, abortive; 

 stigmas as many as the cells; fruit a 4-valved involucre enclosing 1 to 3 

 one-seeded nnts. Trees and shrubs. Lvs, mostly deciduous, alternate, 

 acuminate, expanding before the flowers. 



1 C, vesca L. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, mueronately serrate, smooth both 

 sides; nuts mostly 2 or 3 together* Abundant in particular districts throughout 

 the U. S, It is a lofty tree in woods, with a large, straight trunk. Lvs. G to 9 

 long, J as wide ; teeth mucronate, with the prolonged, straight veins. Aments 

 as long as the leaves, and so numerous as to impart their yellowish hue to the 

 whole tree when in blossom. Nuts of a peculiar brown, villous above, enclosed in 

 the enlarged cupule or burr Which is beset on all sides with strong, compound, 

 acute spines. Timber coarse-grained, strong, clastic, light and very durable. 

 July, fruit in Oct. The nuts are smaller but sweeter than those of tho European 

 Variety (the Spanish Chestnut). 



2 C. pumila Michx. CHINQUAPIN. Lvs. oblong, ovate or obovate, mucronate-ser- 

 rate, hoary-tomentous beneath ; nut solitary. Sterile places, N. J., Penn. to Ga. 

 and Tenn. Shrub 6 12f high, much branched. Leaves 35' by 1^-^-2', smooth 

 above, generally obtuse at base, acute at apex, margins mucronate, with the pro- 

 jecting, straight veinlets; petioles G' long; under surface nearly white. Aments 

 axillary, the lower etaminate, G 10" long, upper fritile, with remote, pistillate 

 flowers. Involucre of fruit bristly and prickly, -1-iobcdv Xut (by abortion) soli- 

 tary, small, ovoid, sweet. Fl. Jn. Fr. Oct. 



3. FA V GUS, Tourn. BEECH. (Gr. 0?yyor, the beech ; it also signifies 

 something eatable.) $ Flov.'ors i:i a capitate amcnt suspended by a 



