778 ORDER 156. GRAM1NEJE. 



natc ; palcte 2, mostly shorter than the glumes, surrounded with white, 

 bristly hairs at base, lower one mucronate, mostly awned below the tip, 

 the upper one often with a stipitate pappus (abortive rudiment of a 

 second flower) at base. 21 Rhizomes creeping. Culms simple, tall, 

 with a contracted or open panicle. 



Panicle ex pan din. IT. Glumes some shorter than the paleze. Rudiment none ......... Nos. 1, 2 



Panicle contracted. Gl. some longer than pole*. Kudiment plunious. (*) 



* Glumes 23" long. Palea short-awned above the middle .................... No. 3 



below the middle ................. Nos. 4, 6 



* Glumes 5 7" long. Palea scarcely awned near the tip ....................... No. T 



1 C, brevipilis Torn. Culm terete, sknder, 3 if high; Ivs. broad-linear, the 

 sheaths glabrous ; ligule hairy ; panicle pyramidal, loose, with the diffuse, capil- 

 lary branches solitary or in pairs ; glumes unequal, bearded at base, ovate, acute, 

 1-veined, shorter than the equal, obtuse, awnless pales; pappus or hairs very short, 

 not half the length of the palece. ll In sandy swamps, N. J. (Torrey). (A. Epi- 

 goios Muhl.) 



2 C. longifolia Hook. Culm 2 4f high, stout; Ivs. rigid, involute-filiform, 

 tapering to a long point ; panicle pyramidal ; glumes unequal, lanceolate, the upper 

 as long as the equal pales pappus-like hairs copious, more than half the length of 

 the pales. Sandy shores of the great Lakes, N. Mich, and C. W. 



3 C. coarctata Torr. Glaucous ; culm erect, 2 if high ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 

 scabrous, with the veins and keel white ; sheaths striate ; stip. oblong, obtuse ; 

 panicle condensed and spike-form, the branches rigidly erect, short and aggre- 

 gated; glumes acuminate, lanceolate, lower 1-veined, upper 3-veined, lower palo 

 5-veined, bifid at the apex, with a short, straight awn just above the middle of the 

 back. U Bogs, Mass, to Minn, and S. States? July, August. (Agrosti? 

 glauca Muhl. Arundo stricta Spr.) 



4 C. purpurascens Brown. Panicle spicate, purplish, 3 6' long, half the 

 length of the culm ; glumes scabrous ; palese 2, the lower scabrous, toothed at 

 the apex, awned upon the back below the middle ; abortive rudiment plumous, 

 twice longer than the hairs at its base, and twice shorter than the pales. White 

 Mts., N. H. (Tuckerman), Rocky Mts. (Richardson). Rare and unimportant. (C. 

 Pickeringii Gr. C. sylvatica Trin.) 



5 C. confinis Xutt. Culm 2 5f high, erect simple; Ivs. 2 3" wide, smooth; 

 panicle 4 8' long, slender, contracted, branches short, appressed, 4 or 5 together; 

 glumes oblong-lanceolate, 2^" long, rough on the keel and sides, barely acute ; 

 palece nearly equal, acute, oblong, as long as the glumes, lower one rough, 3-veined, 

 notched at t ; p, with a short awn inserted below the middle, nearly as long as ths 

 llower ; hairs the length of the pales. Penn. and Penn Tan, K. Y. (Sartwell). 

 Aug. (C. inexpansa Gr.) 



6 C. Canadensis Beauv. REED GRASS. BLUE JOINT. Culm smooth, erect, rigid, 

 3 5f high ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, striate, with smooth, veined sheaths ; panicle 

 erect, rather loose, oblong, the branches capillary, aggregated in 4s and 5s ; glumes 

 very acute, smoothish, much longer than the pakce ; lower palece bifid at the apex, 

 with a hair-like awn arising from belovr the middlo of the back; hairs as long as 

 the pales. If Wet grounds, N. Eng. W. to Mich, and Can. Makes good hay, 

 common. Aug. (C. Mexicana Nutt. C. agrostoides Ph. Arundo MX.) 



7 C. arenaria F.oth. MAT GRASS. SAND REED. Rt. creeping extensively; 

 culm erect, rigid. 2 -If high; Ivs. involute, If by ', smooth and glaucous, pun- 

 gently acute; sheaths smooth; stip. oblong; panicle dense, with erect, appressed 

 branches, G 10' long, and an inch thick; spikelets compressed, greenish-white; 

 lower palea? longer than the upper. U On sandy lake shores and sea coasts, 

 Can. to N. J. Of great value in confining loose, sandy beaches. Aug. (Ammo- 

 phila, Host. Psamma, Palis. Arundo, L.) 



10. ALOPECITRUS, L. FOX-TAIL GRASS. (Gr. aAwrr^, fox, ovpa, 

 tail.) Spikelets 1-flowered ; glumes subequal, connate, distinct, flat- 

 carinatc ; lower pale flat-can nate, generally equaling the glumes, awned 

 on the back below the middle ; tipper pale wanting; styles often, con- 



