102 



Elementary Work in Botany. 



husk of an almond open ? Why should a i-carpelled 



fruit open along the dorsal or ventral edges (sutures), 



or both, rather than anywhere else? 

 Which suture do you open in shell- 

 ing peas ? Along which edge do the 

 peas grow? Take a young almond 

 and look for the stem which attaches 

 the seed. Look for traces of the 

 ovule which failed to grow. Why 

 should the least number of ovules in 

 one carpel be two ? In these fruits 

 why should only one grow? Why 

 has one ovule become obsolete in 

 mostakenes? Compare the pits of 

 your fruits. Draw sections similar 

 to those in Fig. 80. In the ripe fruit 

 you cannot make sections through 

 the pit, but by making measurements 

 you ought to be able to make correct 

 sectional views. These drawings 

 should be maps rather than pictures. 



See that they show all important facts. Get several apples, 



ripe or green, for the next work. 



EXERCISE 53. 



Study of an Apple. Perhaps you remember that 

 apple-blossoms have inferior ovaries. What are the leaf- 

 like appendages at the u blossom end " of an apple ? Look 

 for stamens. Why say " blossom end " for an apple ? Why 



ig. 



but full grown almond, 

 parent jelly-like substance, b. 

 G 



y 

 . T 



Fig. 80. Diagram of a young 

 rans- 



reen husk" c. Skin of the seed. 

 d and v. Dorsal and ventral su- 

 tures, or midrib and united edges 

 of the carpellary leaf. c. The 

 growing embryo, f. Stem of the 

 seed. S. The shell of the almond. 



