PRACTICE OF FEEDING. 251 



horse travels. When stopping, the sack is thrown before him, 

 or attached to the cart-shaft, and the horse helps himself. 



Messrs. Wiggins of London keep upward of 300 cart-hor- 

 ses, which' are nearly all of the largest size. The grain con- 

 sists of oats, barley, beans, pease, and bran. In summer, oats 

 are preferred to beans ; and in spring, barley is supposed to 

 be better than either. But the choice is determined by the 

 price. It is all given by weight, and whichever kind of grain 

 be used, no difference is made in the quantity. When beans 

 are used, an extra allowance of bran is necessary to keep the 

 bowels in order. Swedish turnips and carrots are given oc- 

 casionally. The fodder consists of clover, or saintfoin hay, 

 and straw. 



The beans are bruised, the oats sometimes coarsely ground, 

 and the barley germinated. The fodder is all cut into chaff. 

 The bruising and cutting are performed by machinery, which 

 is worked by a single horse. Two lads, one to feed the ma- 

 chine, and one to unbind and deliver the hay, cut a load in 

 three hours. It does not appear that any of the food is boiled. 



The daily quantity allowed to each horse varies a little with 

 his size. The largest receive about 18 pounds of grain, 16 

 of hay, 4 of straw, and 2 of bran ; in all, 40 pounds. For 

 some of the horses, 33 or 36 pounds of this mixture is found 

 sufficient. The whole is given as manger-food. There is 

 no rack fodder.* 



Messrs. Hanbury fy Trueman, London, keep above 80 hor- 

 ses, all of large size. They are fed on oats, beans, hay, and 

 straw. In summer, beans are denied. The oats and beans 

 are bruised, the fodder all cut. The daily allowance to each 

 horse consists of oats 14 pounds, beans 1, with 18 of fodder, 

 in \rhich there is one pound of straw to every eight of hay. 

 The food is never cooked. Salt is given every week on Sat- 

 urday night and Sunday morning, four ounces at a time. In 

 this way it relaxes the bowels.f 



Mr. John Brown of Glasgow. The cart-horses are fed 

 three times a day. They receive oats and a few beans in the 

 morning before going to work, which, in summer, is at six 

 o'clock, in winter at seven. They come in at nine and get 

 another feed, also of oats and beans. They return to work 

 at ten, and do not come home till six, often not so soon. The 

 third feed consists of beans, barley, and hay-seed, all boiled 



* Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, No. 11. British Husbandry, ra. i., p 

 t Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, No. II 



