CHAPTER IY. 

 CELEBES, BORNEO, JAVA, SUMATRA, PHILIPPINES, MALAY PENINSULA. 



THE MALAYS. 



WE pass from the Australian Continent to the Eastern Archipelago, which extends westward 

 and north-westward from New Guinea, and contains among its more important islands Timor 

 Laut, the Timor 'Group, the Moluccas, Celebes, Mores, Sumba, Sumbawa, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, 

 and the Philippines. We shall include in this chapter a brief account of the very primitive 

 Negritos of the Malay Peninsula, although geographically they belong to the continent of Asia. 

 The Negritos are also found in the Philippines; but the chief race of this vast archipelago is 

 the Malay. 



The Malay race, which gives its name to the whole region of Malaysia, is a branch of the 

 great Mongolian division of mankind. Its people are slim and of medium stature, some three 

 or four inches below the average European 

 height. The complexion is light brown 

 (with variations). The face is somewhat 

 square, with high and prominent cheek- 

 bones. The eyes are black (rarely oblique, 

 as in China and Japan); the mouth is 

 rather large, with somewhat thick but 

 well-cut lips, and the chin is round; the 

 nose is short, and quite unlike that of 

 either the European or the Negro. The 

 hair is black. The beard, when allowed to 

 grow, is scanty, and at first sight the men 

 and women appear very much alike to 

 European eyes. 



Three distinct social groups of Malays 

 are recognised: (1) the "Men of the 

 Soil," or Orang Benua (known also as 

 " Highlanders " and " Wild Men ") ; (2) the 

 "Men of the Sea" (Orang Laut}, a 

 semi-civilised floating population; (3) the 

 "Malay Men" (Orang Malay u), who are 

 the civilised Malays possessing a certain 

 culture and a religion. The " Wild Men " 

 are the raw material, or aboriginal element, 

 hitherto almost entirely unaffected by 

 foreign influence, living chiefly by the 

 chase, and with very little, if any, social 

 organisation. These principally exist in 

 the almost inaccessible wooded uplands of 

 Malacca and Sumatra, and are more or less 

 intimately associated with the still older 



73 



SAKAKAXG DYAS. 



