266 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



along the African shore of the Red Sea; the second division 

 is the Semitic, members of which live in Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli, 

 the Sahara, Soudan, Abyssinia, and parts of the Nile Valley. 

 Finally, nearly the whole of Madagascar is occupied by Malay 

 tribes known as Malagasi, who almost everywhere show a strain 

 of Negro blood. 



b. THE PYGMY OR NEGRILLO RACES. 



IT has only been during the past forty years that any definite 

 knowledge concerning dwarf tribes has come to us by the 

 discovery of the dwarfs in the backwoods of Loango. A tribe 

 known as the Akoa was shortly afterwards discovered in the 

 Gabun, and another, the Obongo, in the Ogowe. Farther east 

 Stanley discovered the Batwa in the great forests of the Congo; 

 Schweinfurth studied some dwarfs, whom he called Akka, in the 

 Mangbattu country, a part of the Congo Basin close to the 

 Nile Watershed; while from 1844 onward various reports have 



been published of dwarfs in Abyssinia and British East Africa. These tribes occur scattered 

 along the Equatorial belt of Africa; and there are doubtful records of others living as far north 

 as Morocco, of some extending southward from the Congo and linking the Equatorial pygmies 

 to the Bushmen of the Cape, and of the Wazimba, a race that once inhabited Madagascar. 



Photo by Dr. FriUcli. 



A BUSHMAN (PROFILE). 



THE BUSHMEN. 



The most southerly of the small light-coloured races is that known as the Bushmen, or 

 Saans; or, as some call themselves, the "Khwai," or men. They are now scattered over the 

 region south of a line from Walfish Bay in lat. 22 S. to lat. 17 in the Zambesi Valley, and 

 thence southward past Lake Ngami and Bechuanaland to the south-eastern coast near Port 

 Elizabeth. In this area the Bushmen are scattered very irregularly. They have been almost 

 exterminated in Cape Colony in punishment for their habit of sheep-stealing; and throughout 

 South Africa their numbers have been greatly reduced. At one time the race was more 

 numerous and more widely distributed. A Dutch ship under "Corporal Thomas Hobma" found 

 them in 1767 all along the west coast as far north as 12 47' S. lat. The Bechuanas call the 

 country to the west of them "Baroa" that is, "the country of the Bushmen" though it is 

 now occupied by Negroes. There can, in fact, be no doubt that they once occurred throughout 

 the whole of Africa south of the Zambesi, and they may have 

 extended farther northward. 



The number of the race now living is uncertain. They 

 are estimated at about 2,000 in German South-west Africa. 

 There are a few in Griqualand and scattered along the Orange 

 River. They are most numerous in the Kalahari, where they 

 number about 5,000. The total number in South Africa has 

 been calculated at about 50,000. But this estimate is certainly 

 exaggerated by the inclusion of many peoples who, though 

 called Bushmen, are either Negroes or Negro half-breeds. 

 Livingstone, for example, described as Bushmen some men in 

 the Kalahari Desert, who, being 6 feet high, were more probably 

 half-caste Bantu. It is difficult to settle the exact limits of 

 the Bushman range, owing to the existence of half-breed 

 races. Schulz lias recently declared (1897) that "there are 

 but few families of pure Bushmen surviving at present, and p ho io by D,-. Fritsch. 



these are fast degenerating through intermarriage with outside A BUSHMAN (FULL-FACE). 



