282 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



Still farther eastward 

 are the remains of tribes 

 known as the Wasania 

 and Watwa, who live as 

 slaves or helots among 

 the Gallas along the east 

 coast between the Juba 

 and the Tana. These 

 tribes are reported to use 

 clicks in their language. 

 But it is still impossible 

 to say whether they are 

 members of the pygmy 

 or of the Negro race. 



It appears most prob- 

 able that these East 

 African dwarfs are not 

 pure pygmies, but have 

 been altered by Negro 

 intermixture. They are 

 too tall to be pure-bred 

 pygmies. But, according 

 to Mrs. French Sheldon, 

 the " Wanderobbo " of 

 Kilima Njaro are of the 

 dimensions of true dwarfs. 

 She reports that "among those we met there was no man who attained a height of over 

 4 feet and a few inches, and some were considerably shorter." Exact measurements of 

 members of this tribe would be interesting, as few of the other numerous visitors to Kilima 

 Njaro have met with them. 



The name " Wauderobbo " is not the name of a definite race, but of various groups of 

 outcasts living in the Masai country. 



By permission of Messrs. Newton & Co., 3, Fleet Street, E. C. 



MALAGASI WOMEN POUNDING RICE. 



c. THE PEOPLE OF MADAGASCAR. 



BEFORE beginning the consideration of the African Negroes we may conveniently turn aside 

 to the island of Madagascar, as its dominant people belong to a race which has no 

 representatives on the mainland of Africa. Frobenius has, it is true, pointed to many 

 resemblances to Malay culture in some African tribes; and among the theories as to the 

 affinities of the Fulah there is one which assigns to them a Malay origin. The evidence for 

 this is, however, inadequate. But it is now universally admitted that the people of Madagascar 

 are Malays. 



Why Madagascar, which is so close to East Africa and is separated from Malayasia by over 

 3,000 miles of sea, should be inhabited by Malays is a puzzling problem. But the fact 

 is proved by the physical characters, the language, and the customs of the natives. The 

 influence of intermixture with Africans and Arabs is apparent both on the people and on their 

 language. Hence efforts have been made to refute the theory of their Malaysian affinities. 

 Thus Crawfurd has endeavoured to explain the resemblances between the Madagascar and 

 Malay languages by the influence of occasional castaways, and Wake has laid great stress on 

 some points of personal similarity between the Malagas! and the East Africans. 



But the evidence that Madagascar has been peopled by Malays is overwhelming, although 

 the date of the immigration is uncertain. It was, however, no doubt remote, since the Hova 



