THE BANTU OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA 309 



army northward, captured luhambaue, and attacked Sofala. He and his men then settled in 

 the Portuguese dominions, dispossessed the aboriginal Tonga, and formed the Gaza tribe. The 

 second section is now known as the Tonga, in which are included all the tribes of the southern part 

 of the Portuguese territory who are not Zulu in origin. These Tonga clans are all allied to 

 the Basuto, whereas farther to the north between the Tonga and the Zambesi are the 

 tribes of Mutandi, Atavara, etc., who are allied to the Mashonas. The fourth section is the 

 tribe of the Balempa of Manicaland, who are said to owe their peculiar features, including 

 aquiline nose, red eyes, and fiery eyebrows, to the influence of Semitic blood. 



3. THE BANTU OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. 



The region north of the eastern half of the Zambesi is occupied by a great number of 

 Bantu tribes, who have several marked features common to themselves and striking differences 

 from the Negroes of Southern Africa. They may be divided into four groups viz. the 

 immigrants from the south, the natives of Nyasaland and Mozambique, the Bantu of German 

 East Africa, and the Bantu of British East Africa. 



THE SOUTHERN IMMIGRANTS ANGONI AND MAKOLOLO. 



Of the immigrants from South Africa the most important are the Angoni, who now live 

 on the western side of Lake Nyasa. They are hybrid Zulus, who settled in their present 

 home early in the nineteenth century. They were never pure Zulus, but an allied Kaffir clan, 

 which was subject to the great Zulu king Chaka, but retained its own chief. But at length 

 the Zulu tyranny became intolerable, and the whole tribe fled northward; it crossed the 

 Zambesi just below the junction of the Luangwa, and marched up the valley of that river, west 

 of Lake Nyasa, to the country south-east of Tanganyika. There the tribe settled, and thence 



Photo by the late Mr. Theodore Bent. 



CHIEF UMGABE AND HIS FOLLOWERS, MASHONALAND. 



