NORWAY 



4.27 



when it is desired not to injure the skin. The bear-spear has a strong blade, and is stoutly 

 made, so as to contend successfully with the strength and ferocity of the game against which 

 it is used. 



The dwellings of the Lapps are still most primitive. Those of the Coast Lapps are often 

 mere earth-huts, made of turf with a few sticks in support, or of timbers leaning together 

 covered with turf 1 , without windows, and with not a foot more space than is absolutely necessary. 

 In some of the more permanent settlements on the coast they live in log-huts modelled on 

 those of the Norwegians. The nomad Lapps, who depend for support on the reindeer, pitch 

 their tents wherever pasture can be found. The skins formerly used to cover these tents are 

 now replaced by a coarse woollen stuff, which, being loosely woven, allows a little ventilation, 

 and is very durable, lasting twenty years and more. The cloths, in two pieces laced together, 

 are stretched over a frame of poles, the door being formed by a piece of sail-cloth. In the 

 tent, which often covers only 70 square feet, the inmates, with their dogs, huddle together 

 on the reindeer-skins strewn on the floor, in the middle of which is a fire of juniper- 

 wood under a kettle hung by an iron chain. The furniture is. scanty, but always includes 

 one or two skin sacks, to hold 

 small articles for domestic 

 use, besides reindeer-paunches, 

 and reindeer-calf or goose- 

 skins, in which are kept 

 coagulated blood and a prepa- 

 ration like sausage-meat. 



The reindeer and the dog 

 are the only animals they 

 use. The former is easy to 

 tame, gives little trouble, and 

 is allowed to pasture at will; 

 but the females do not pro- 

 duce much milk. The Lapps 

 make only a little butter, but 

 a good deal of cheese. The 

 reindeer is the most valuable 

 of their possessions, since it 

 is used for drawing sledges 

 and riding, and also supplies 

 food and clothing. 



The Lapps are Christians. 

 They impress strangers by 

 their sincere devotion; but, 

 as in the case of the Finns, 

 their religion has not entirely 

 freed them from belief in 

 magic. 



NORWAY. 



THE Norwegians, with the 

 Swedes, Danes, and Icelanders, 

 constitute the Scandinavian 

 or Norse branch of the Teu- 

 tonic stock, which belongs to 

 the Caucasian type. Though 

 inhabiting the same peninsula 



Pkoto by tSostrene jRwwJ 



A NORWEGIAN GIRL IN BRIDAL DRESS. 



\Bergei, 



