4-9 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



about three-fifths, belong to the Dutch 

 Reformed Church; the remainder are Roman 

 Catholics and Jews, these being centred 

 principally in the large towns, such as 

 Amsterdam, where there are 70,000. 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 

 ENGLAND. 



THE reader will hardly need to be told that 

 many races have gone to the making of the 

 Englishman as he is to-day. Much learned 

 controversy has been expended on the question 

 whether the Celtic or the Teutonic element 

 predominates in his composition. The anthro- 

 pological researches of the late Professor 

 Huxley led him to the conclusion that the 

 English are " vastly less Teutonic than their 

 speech." It will be sufficient for the purpose 

 of this work to give some account of the 

 various peoples -Iberian, Celtic, Teutonic, and 

 Scandinavian which have left their mark 

 attempting to make any contribution to what 



P/toto by N. J. M. Steinmetz] {The Hague. 



A MAID-OF-ALL-WORK, HOLLAND. 



Photo by P. H. Fincham] [London. 



A DUTCH PEASANT WOMAN, SHOWING HEAD-DRESS. 



on the inhabitants of this country, without 

 is a very complicated problem. 



It is generally conceded that when 

 Julius Caesar landed in Britain he found a 

 population of Celtic origin and speech, who 

 were supposed to have crossed from Belgic 

 Gaul, and to have absorbed a pre-existing 

 race. This race was a remnant of the 

 Neolithic Iberians, a people characterised by 

 dark hair and short stature, of whom the 

 Basques in Spain and France are regarded 

 as the the living representatives. The Celts 

 were, on the other hand, tall and fair. 

 Professor Huxley accounted for the fair and 

 dark types of the modern Englishman by 

 attributing the former to the Celtic and 

 Teutonic races, and the latter to the pre- 

 Celtic inhabitants. The Celtic stratum of 

 these islands may be divided into two 

 sections the Cymric and the Gaelic. 

 The AVelsh and the Cornishmen belong 

 to the Cymric branch, while the Gaels 

 comprise the Erse of Ireland, the Manx, 

 and of course the Gaels of the Highlands 

 of Scotland. 



It is from Caesar that we get the first 

 authentic account of these primitive inhabi- 

 tants. He describes the Cantii, the people 

 of Kent, as being more civilised than the 

 rest, from their constant intercourse witb 

 their brethren of Continental Gaul. He also 



