ATAVISM. 69 



tion, the intensity of transmission was increased rather 

 than diminished, as both hands were affected instead 

 of one, as in the case of the great-great-grandmother. 1 



Dr. Chadbourne reports a case that came under 

 his own observation, of two young men who were 

 cousins, " each of whom had six toes upon his feet." 



Neither of the parents had the defect, but it was 

 a characteristic of the grandparents, and appeared in 

 the family a long time before. 2 



Mr. Sedgwick, in his article on the " Influence of 

 Sex in Hereditary Disease," says, " Siebold records 

 the case of a married couple whose fathers were both 

 red-headed, but not having red hair themselves, who 

 had four sons red-headed, and three daughters whose 

 hair was of another color." ' 



In the Short-horn herd-books may be found numer- 

 ous instances of the atavic inheritance of color, and 

 almost every breeder can furnish from his own expe- 

 rience many cases of a similar character. The follow- 

 ing is cited as an example of this class of cases : " Mr. 

 "Wadsworth owns the twin Princess cows, Lady Mary 

 seventh and eighth ; they are both good roans, got by 

 fourth Lord of Oxford (5903 " American Herd-Book "), 

 a roan bull ; their dam, Lady Mary, a red, got by Hot- 

 spur (31393), a roan ; their granddam, Baroness, a red 

 roan, got by Barrington (30501), a white ; their great- 

 granddam, the imported red Princess cow Red Rose 

 second, got by Napier (6238), red roan. These twin 

 heifers, Lady Mary seventh and eighth, were both 



1 Spencer's "Principles of Biology," vol. i., p. 258. 



* "Agricultural Report of Massachusetts," 1866-'6Y, p. 88. 



8 British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review^ April, 1863, p. 451. 



