86 PRINCIPLES OF STOCK-BREEDING. 



motion only; it cannot be used as an organ of prehen- 

 sion, to grasp, seize, or tear. The ruminant hoofed 

 animals all have a cloven hoof, and they are the only 

 ones with horns on the frontal bone. When the hoofs 

 are in one or two pairs, the horns are also in one or 

 two pairs. The horned ungulates, with three hoofs, 

 have either one horn, or two horns placed one before 

 the other, in the middle of the skull. 1 



In the ruminants there is, moreover, a marked cor- 

 relation in the form of the teeth, the articulation of 

 the jaw, which provides for a free lateral motion in 

 grinding their food, and the complex structure of the 

 digestive organs. 



Dr. Carpenter says : " It is perfectly true that, in 

 a great majority of cases, the extraordinary develop- 

 ment of one organ is accompanied by a corresponding 

 deficiency of development in another. Thus, in the 

 human cranium, the elements which form the cover- 

 ing or protection of the brain are very largely devel- 

 oped, while those which constitute the face are com- 

 paratively small. In the long-snouted herbivorous 

 mammals, and in reptiles and fishes, on the other 

 hand, the great development of the bones of the face 

 is coincident with a very small capacity of the cerebral 

 cavity. 



" In the bat, while the anterior extremity is widely 

 extended, so as to afford the animal the means of rising 

 in the air, the posterior is very much lightened, so as 

 not to impede its flight. In the kangaroo, on the 

 other hand, the posterior members are very large and 



1 Owen's " Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates," vol. i., pp. 

 xxvii., xxviii. 



