IN-AND-IN BREEDING. 143 



the uniformity of the practice in the improvement of 

 all classes of animals. 



In all of the cases cited, the breeders evidently in- 

 tended to breed together animals of the same qualities^ 

 regardless of relationship. 



In Diagram 1, the pedigree of Duke of Airdrie 

 may be traced, beginning with the six animals at the 

 extreme left of the diagram. 



In Diagram 2, the pedigrees of these same six ani- 

 mals, arranged in a different order, may be traced back 

 to Favorite by black lines, while the dotted lines if 

 continued would run to Hubback. 



Certain animals in Diagram 1 are arranged in a 

 different order, and taken for the basis of Diagram 3, 

 which gives the pedigrees of some of the " New York 

 Mills "herd. 



Diagram 8 gives the pedigree of a number of ani- 

 mals bred by Charles and Robert Colling. 



In all of the diagrams, the two lines coming to- 

 gether at the left of a name trace respectively to the 

 sire and dam, while the lines from the right of the 

 name run to the offspring. 



The Booths practised close breeding to a great 

 extent, as will be seen from an examination of the 

 pedigree of their most noted animals. The pedi- 

 gree of the sisters Queen of the May, Queen Mab, 

 Queen of the Yale, and Queen of the Ocean ; and 

 their brother, Lord of the Valley (14837), bred by 

 R. Booth, of Warlaby, is given in Diagram 4, on 

 page 147. 



According to the calculations of Rev. J. Stone, of 

 Hellidon, "Crown Prince is 1055 times descended 



