148 PRINCIPLES OF STOCK-BREEDING. 



both sides, from one cow now in calf for the twentieth 

 time. I have bred three calves from her, by two of 

 her sons, one of which is now the largest cow I have, 

 possessing also the best form and constitution; the 

 other two were bulls, and proved of great value, thus 

 showing indisputably that it is not requisite to mix 

 the blood of the different kinds of the same race of 

 animals, in order to keep them from degenerating." l 

 The following pedigree of Mr. Fowler's celebrated 

 bull Shakespeare, which includes that of Mr. Bake- 

 well's noted bulls Twopenny and D, will show the 

 extent to which in-and-in breeding was practised by 

 those who were most successful in improving the 

 Long-Horn breed : 



( Westmoreland Bull 



{Twopenny < 

 I Old Comely 

 A Canley Cow 



( Westmoreland Bull 

 f Twopenny < 

 Dam of D | Old Comely 



Shakespeare 2 -{ (.Old Comely 



( Westmoreland Bull 

 ("Twopenny < 



.Daughter of Twopenny] OId Comel y 



1 A Canley Cow 



Mr. Quartly, the great improver of the Devons, 

 bred his animals very closely. 



The name of his bull, Prince of Wales (105), a 

 celebrated prize-winner, is repeatedly found in the 

 pedigrees of the best-bred Devons of the present day. 

 His pedigree, which is as follows, shows that half 



1 Farmer's Magazine, 1841, vol. xiv., p. 50. 



2 Marshall's " Midland Counties," vol. i., pp. 320-322 ; Youatt on 

 ' Cattle," pp. 192, 193 ; Low's " Domestic Animals," p. 376. 



