IN-AND-IN BREEDING. 171 



tern practised in " training " for exhibition, rather than 

 in-and-in breeding, and this is undoubtedly a potent 

 cause of sterility and barrenness. 



In the pedigrees that we have selected to illustrate 

 the practice of different breeders, many instances may 

 be found of high-bred animals that are good breeders. 

 From the extent to which in-and-in breeding was car- 

 ried in the case of Mr. Robert Colling's cow Clarissa, 

 the pedigree in Diagram 8 is of particular interest. 

 Clarissa was calved in 1814, and produced calves in 

 1817, 1818, and 1819, as shown by the "Herd-Book." 

 Her daughter Restless, got by Lancaster (360), who 

 was more than a half-brother to Clarissa, was breeding 

 at six and seven years of age. Lancaster, the highest- 

 priced animal at R. Colling's sale in 1818 (six hundred 

 and twenty-one guineas), proved a valuable sire, and 

 his name is to be found in many of the best pedigrees 

 of the present day. 



The Short-Horn bull Grazier (1085) was closely 

 inbred (see Diagram 9), and a good breeder. Grazier 

 was bred by Mr. "Wiley, of Brandsby, near York. 

 He was used in the herds of the Earl of Carlisle, Lord 

 Feversham, Sir John Johnstone, Sir I. Rarnsdon, Mr. 

 William Smith, and Mr. Slater. He died at Byram 

 when fourteen years of age. Twenty-seven sixty- 

 fourths of his blood was that of Favorite, who ap- 

 pears for the first time in the pedigree at the third 

 generation back. 



At the Milcote sale in England, March 28, 1860, 

 thirty-one descendants of the cow " Charmer," includ- 

 ing "three old cows" and several calves, sold for 

 2,139 18^., an average of over 69 each. 



